What steps are being taken to meet the continuously increasing demand of energy resources in India? Discuss with special reference to renewable and sustainable energy resources.

Q16. What steps are being taken to meet the continuously increasing demand of energy resources in India? Discuss with special reference to renewable and sustainable energy resources.

India, confronted with surging energy demand from population growth and urbanisation, has embarked on a multifaceted approach to meet this challenge, with a pronounced emphasis on renewable and sustainable resources:

1. Promotion of Renewable Energy: India has set ambitious targets for solar and wind energy capacity expansion. Initiatives like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) and Wind Energy Mission incentivize private investment.
2. Solar Power: India boasts one of the world’s largest solar capacities, with schemes like Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) promoting solar energy in agriculture and encouraging rooftop solar installations.
3. Wind Power: Incentives such as generation-based incentives bolster wind energy projects, leveraging India’s significant wind energy potential, especially in states like Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan.
4. Hydropower: Despite challenges, hydropower remains significant. Projects harness river power, albeit with attention to environmental and community concerns.
5. Biomass and Biogas: Rural areas benefit from biomass and biogas power generation, utilising agricultural residues and organic waste.
6. Energy Efficiency: Initiatives like Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) and Standards & Labelling enhance energy efficiency in industries and appliances.
7. Electric Mobility: Electric vehicles (EVs) gain traction, with incentives for manufacturers and buyers, and expanded charging infrastructure.
8. Research and Development: Investment in renewable technology research aims to improve solar panel efficiency, develop advanced energy storage, and innovate sustainable energy solutions.
9. International Cooperation: Collaborative efforts with countries and organisations, like the International Solar Alliance (ISA), facilitate access to expertise, technology, and funding.

Challenges persist, such as grid integration of intermittent renewables, financing constraints, and regulatory complexities. Continued policy support, private sector involvement, and technological innovation are pivotal in balancing India’s burgeoning energy demand with sustainability and environmental responsibility.

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