What role do environmental NGOs and activities play in influencing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) outcomes for major projects in India? Cite four examples with all the important details

South Korean Project

1. Actively campaigned against due to potential environmental degradation, displacement of locals & destruction of forests.
2. Mobilised local communities & conducted their own assessment highlighting flaws in governments EIA.

Outcome- Eventually Project got cancelled in 2017.

(Odisha)

1. NGO- Highlighted  adverse impact on tribal population “Dongria Kondh” and biodiversity.
2. EIA- conducted ground level assessment, advocated for rights of Indigenous population, garnered International attention.

Outcome- SC ruled project could not proceed without consent of local Gram sabha.

1. They argued that the EIA did not adequately address the ecological damage to the Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot. 
2. They filed public interest litigations, and the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) issued stop-work notices multiple times. 

Outcome-  stricter environmental safeguards were imposed before allowing the project to continue.

1. Concerns about air and water pollution and its impact on local health were raised. 
2. Activist pressure led to multiple EIA reviews and legal challenges.

Outcome-  Eventually, after widespread protests and investigation revealing environmental violations, the Tamil Nadu government ordered the permanent closure of the plant in 2018.