What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a resilience framework. Also mention the global targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)

Introduction

• You can begin with the definition of Disaster resilience-the ability of individuals, communities, organisations and states to adapt to and recover from hazards, shocks or stresses without compromising long-term prospects for development.
• You can use keywords like-Disaster resilience is the  “leap forward” and “continue” after a disaster

Body

Determination of Disaster Resilience

• Social Capital: Strong community networks, trust, and the ability to mobilize collective action enhance resilience. 
• Economic Stability: Communities or nations with diversified and robust economies can allocate resources quickly to manage disasters and recover afterward.
• Infrastructure and Technology: The quality of infrastructure, including roads, buildings, and utility systems.
• Technological interventions→e g., early warning systems
• Governance and Policies: Effective governance, clear disaster management policies, and preparedness plans

Core Elements of Disaster Resilience Framework

• Context: Building resilience depends on who or what is being protected, such as social groups, political systems, or environmental contexts.
• Disturbance: It focuses on managing both shocks (sudden events like disasters) and stresses (long-term issues like climate change or resource depletion).
• Capacity to Respond: This depends on exposure (size of the threat), sensitivity (how much a system is impacted), and adaptive capacity (ability to adjust and recover).
• Reaction: Systems can either bounce back better with improved resilience, return to pre-existing conditions, recover with reduced capacity, or collapse entirely in the worst-case scenario.

Global targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)

• • The SFDRR is a non-binding agreement, which the signatory nations, including India, attempt to comply with on a voluntary basis. 

•  Outlines seven global targets to be achieved between 2015 and 2030.
• Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global mortalities between 2020-2030 compared to 2005-2015
• Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average global figure per 100,000 between 2020-2030 compared to 2005-2015
• Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030
• Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030
• Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020
• Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of this framework by 2030
• Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030.

Conclusion

• Highlight the significance of disaster resilience in safeguarding communities, economies, and ecosystems from the increasing frequency and severity of natural and human-induced disasters.
• Mention that initiatives like Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) is a step in right direction

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