Table of Contents
Context
To achieve durable immunity, the generation of LLPCs, memory B-cells, and T-cells is essential.
About Lymphocytes
B-Cells
- They are a type of white blood cell that play a central role in the immune response by recognizing antigens and producing antibodies
- They originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
- They have two main roles:
- Memory B-Cells: Created during affinity maturation in germinal centres, they remember the antigen and respond quickly upon re-exposure.
- Plasma Cells: B-cells transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies; some are short-lived, while others migrate to the bone marrow as LLPCs to provide durable immunity.
T-Cells
- These are immune cells that assist in activating B-cells and ensuring a robust immune response.
- They develop from precursor cells in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus
- Types of T Cells:
- Helper T Cells: Activate and regulate other immune cells, including B cells and cytotoxic T cells, by producing cytokines.
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Directly kill infected or cancerous cells by recognizing specific antigens presented on their surfaces.
- Regulatory T Cells (Tregs): Help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune responses.
Long-Lived Plasma Cells (LLPCs)
- LLPCs are plasma cells that migrate to the bone marrow, where they produce antibodies over extended periods.
- Their presence and sustained antibody production are critical for the long-term effectiveness of vaccines.
Â
Â
UPSC PYQÂ |
Q. Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body? (2022) (a)Â Â Â They protect the body from environmental allergens. (b)Â Â Â They alleviate the body’s pain and inflammation. (c)Â Â Â They act as immunosuppressants in the body. (d)Â Â Â They protect the body from diseases caused by pathogens.
Answer: D |