The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 27 April 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 26 April 2023

• Ten security personnel returning from a counter-insurgency operation and a civilian driver were killed when Maoists blew up their vehicle in Dantewada of Chhattisgarh on Wednesday afternoon, according to the State police.
• The Dantewada headquarters is in the Bastar region, nearly 350 km from the State capital of Raipur.

 The Hindu Editorial Today

Left Wing Extremism in India:

• Left-wing extremists, popularly known as Maoists worldwide and as Naxalites in India.
• The term Naxalism derives its name from the village Naxalbari of West Bengal. It originated as a rebellion against local landlords who bashed a peasant over a land dispute.
• The rebellion was initiated in 1967, with an objective of rightful redistribution of the land to working peasants under the leadership of Kanu Sanyal and Jagan Santhal.

What is Maoism?

• Answer: Maoism is a form of communism developed by Mao Tse Tung. It is a doctrine to capture State power through a combination of armed insurgency, mass mobilization and strategic alliances.
• The Maoists also use propaganda and disinformation against State institutions as other components of their insurgency doctrine. Mao called this process, the ‘Protracted Peoples War’, where the emphasis is on ‘military line’ to capture power.

• The Mahanadi River system is the third largest of peninsular India after Godavari and Krishna, and the largest river of Odisha state.
• The catchment area of the river extends to Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.
• It rises from a place near Sihawa, near Raipur in the state of Chhattisgarh to the south of Amarkantak.
• The Seonath, the Hasdeo, the Mand and the Ib joins Mahanadi from left whereas the Ong, the Tel and the Jonk joins it from right.
• Hirakud Dam: This is the longest dam of India.
• Ravishankar Sagar, Dudhawa Reservoir, Sondur Reservoir, Hasdeo Bango and Tandula are other major projects.
• Entry 17 of State List deals with water i.e. water supply, irrigation, canal, drainage, embankments, water storage and water power.
• Entry 56 of Union List empowers the Union Government for the regulation and development of inter-state rivers and river valleys to the extent declared by Parliament to be expedient in the public interest.
• According to Article 262, in case of disputes relating to waters:
• Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution or control of the waters of, or in, any inter-State river or river valley.
• Parliament may, by law provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such dispute or complaint as mentioned above.

• The Constitution of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly. The idea was initially proposed in December 1934 by M.N. Roy, a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy. It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935 and was officially adopted in the Lucknow session in April 1936 presided by Jawaharlal Nehru, who also drafted the Objectives Resolution.
• What does fraternity mean? Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians — if Indians being one people. It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life. It is a difficult thing to achieve….”
• In fact, Article 51A, on Fundamental Duties, added to by the 42nd Amendment in 1977 and further amended by 86th Amendment in 2010, evaded it except by Article 51A(e) generally that referred to the duty of every citizen ‘to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India’.

• With an estimated eight million people employed in an industry built on the back of the smartphone revolution, “gig” work has become a major source of jobs for youth in India. It goes without saying that in a country where informal labour and unemployment have defined the nature of the jobs market in the last decade, the gig economy has been a beneficial outlet of employment.
• While the draft Bill envisages a “welfare board” that will design welfare policies and hear grievances of gig workers on a piece rate basis, the specificities of the policies and how they might benefit the workers are still un clear.

• A government report released last week has thrown light on the number of water bodies in India and what they are used for. The document, which was released by the Ministry of Jal Shakthi, is the first such census of water bodies in India. The census has identified 24,24,540 water bodies in India.
• Water bodies in this census are defined as any natural or man-made structures used for storing water for various purposes, such as irrigation, industry, fish farming, domestic use, recreation, religious activities, and groundwater recharge.
• They are classified as tanks, reservoirs and ponds. A structure that collects water from melting ice, streams, springs, rain, or drainage from residential or other areas, or stores water diverted from a stream, nala, or river, is also considered a water body.
• West Bengal boasts of the highest number of ponds and reservoirs; Andhra Pradesh the highest number of tanks; and Tamil Nadu the highest number of lakes. Maharashtra leads in terms of water conservation initiatives.
• The majority of water bodies serve as resources for fish farming, with their subsequent uses including irrigation, replenishing groundwater, and providing water for household and drinking needs. Among the total 20,30,040 utilised water bodies, 55.5% (11,26,830) are dedicated to fish farming, 16.5% (3,35,768) to irrigation, 12.1% (2,44,918) to groundwater replenishment, and 10.1% (2,05,197) to domestic and drinking water needs.
• A substantial 97.1% of water bodies can be found in rural regions; only 2.9% are situated in urban areas. Of these, 83.7% are in use, while the rest are non-functional or unused due to factors such as construction, siltation, irreparable damage, and industrial effluents, among others.

• With another year of meetings on reforming the United Nations — and particularly the question of the expansion of the Security Council — coming to a close in June, India lashed out at the UN system with its most scathing attack thus far.
• In a speech at the UNSC this week, the Indian Permanent Representative called the UN Charter “anachronistic”, adding that it has failed in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine war, terrorism and climate change.
• Kamboj also called for expanding the Security Council’s permanent membership and hit out at the “veto power” given to the “P-5” of the U.S., the U.K., France, Russia and China.
• The Security Council was established by the UN Charter in 1945. It is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
• Its primary responsibility is to work to maintain international peace and security.
• The council is headquartered at NewYork.
• The council has 15 members: the five permanent members and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.
• India, for the eighth time, has entered the UNSC as a non-permanent member last year (2021) and will stay on the council for two years i.e 2021-22.

Q) ‘Operation Kaveri’, is a rescue operation carried out by the Indian Government in which one of the following countries?

1. Afghanistan
2. Somalia
3. Ukraine
4. Sudan

‘ऑपरेशन कावेरी’, भारत सरकार द्वारा निम्नलिखित में से किस देश में चलाया गया बचाव अभियान है?

1. अफगानिस्तान
2. सोमालिया
3. यूक्रेन
4. सूडान

About Operation Kaveri:

• It is a rescue operation being carried out by the Indian Government to bring back Indian citizens stranded in Sudan.
• According to the official data, the number of Indians in Sudan is around 4,000.
• As part of the operation,  two C-130 aircraft and the navy ship INS Sumedha is on standby to safely evacuate stranded Indians.
• Why the need for evacuation? Sudan has been witnessing deadly fighting between the country’s army and a paramilitary group, the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) that has reportedly left several hundred’s dead.
• Cause of fighting? It was triggered by disagreement over an internationally backed plan to form a new civilian government four years after the fall of autocrat Omar al-Bashir and two years after the military coup. Both sides accuse the other of thwarting the transition.

Q) Hellenic Air Force, recently seen in the news, belongs to which country?

1. France
2. Greece
3. Iran
4. Australia

हाल ही में खबरों में रही हेलेनिक एयर फोर्स किस देश से संबंधित है?

1. फ्रांस
2. ग्रीस
3. ईरान
4. ऑस्ट्रेलिया

About Exercise INIOCHOS-23:

• Exercise INIOCHOS is an annual multi-national air exercise hosted by the Hellenic Air Force, the air force of Greece.
• It is based on the Single Base Concept, which means the entire exercise takes place from a single air base.
• INIOCHOS-23:
• It will be conducted at the Andravida Air Base in Greece.
• Objective: To enhance international cooperation, synergy and interoperability amongst the participating air forces.
• The exercise will be conducted in a realistic combat scenario involving multiple types of air and surface assets.
• It will also enable the participating contingents to engage in professional interactions, providing valuable insight into each other’s best practices.
• The IAF will be participating with four Su-30 MKI and two C-17 aircraft.
• Apart from the hosts, the USA, France and Italy, and others like Jordan and Saudi Arabia are participating in INIOCHOS-23.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding the Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN):

1. It is a 10-digit identification number accorded to a land parcel.
2. The identification is based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the land parcel.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

विशिष्ट भूमि पार्सल पहचान संख्या (ULPIN) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. यह एक भूमि पार्सल को दी गई 10 अंकों की पहचान संख्या है।
2. पहचान भूमि खंड के देशांतर और अक्षांश निर्देशांक पर आधारित है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

About Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN):

• It is part of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP).
• ULPIN or Bhu-Aadhar is a 14-digit identification number accorded to a land parcel.
• It would uniquely identify every surveyed parcel of land and prevent land fraud, especially in rural India, where land records are outdated and disputed.
• The identification isbased on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the land parcel and depends on detailed surveys and geo-referenced cadastral maps.
• It aims to compile every detail pertaining to different properties from across the country.
• ULPIN is a Single, Authoritative Source of Truth for information on any parcel of land or property to provide Integrated Land Services to the citizens as well as all stakeholders.
• Various types of data relating to the landed properties, which are currently under the possession of different ministries and departments, too will be linked with the ULPIN.

Q) Thrissur Pooram, which was recently seen in the news, is the festival celebrated in which state?

1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Kerala
3. Maharashtra
4. None of these

हाल ही में खबरों में रहा त्रिशूर पूरम किस राज्य में मनाया जाने वाला त्योहार है?

1. आंध्र प्रदेश
2. केरल
3. महाराष्ट्र
4. इनमें से कोई नहीं

• It is celebrated in Kerala during the Malayalam month of Medom (April-May).
• It is considered to be the Mother of all Poorams, a cultural highlight that towers above all other festivals.
• It is celebrated in the grand assembly of Gods and Goddesses in and around Thrissur.
• It was the brainchild of Raja Rama Varma, famously known as Sakthan Thampuran, the Maharaja of Cochin (1790–1805).
• It is centred on the Vadakkunnathan Temple, with all these temples sending their processions to pay obeisance to Shiva, the presiding deity.
• The processions and rituals of each of the deities follow a very strict itinerary, scheduled in such a way that the tempo of the Pooram celebrations – 36 hrs non-stop – is maintained without any loss of energy.
• A massive parade is planned on temple grounds, accompanied by Chenda Melam and Pancha Vadyam music.
• The final day of the pooram occurs on the seventh day. It is often referred to as “Pakal Pooram.

Q) With reference to the corporate social responsibility (CSR), consider the following statements:

1. A company having a net worth of rupees five hundred crores in the immediately preceding financial year comply the CSR provision.
2. The objective of CSR is to enhance various aspects of society and the environment.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

कॉर्पोरेट सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व (सीएसआर) के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. तत्काल पिछले वित्तीय वर्ष में पांच सौ करोड़ रुपये की शुद्ध संपत्ति वाली कंपनी सीएसआर प्रावधान का पालन करती है।
2. सीएसआर का उद्देश्य समाज और पर्यावरण के विभिन्न पहलुओं को बढ़ाना है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation :

Companies that pushed the envelope of charitable spending beyond legal requirements helped take the aggregate CSR (corporate social responsibility) expenditure by all listed companies closer to the cumulative mandatory amount in 2021-22.

• What it is? It is a business model by which companies make a concerted effort to operate in ways that enhance rather than degrade society and the environment.
• Objective: It helps both improve various aspects of society as well as promote a positive brand image of companies.
• Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 makes it mandatory for the following companies having in the immediately preceding financial year:
• Every company has a net worth of rupees five hundred crores or more.
• Every company has a turnover of rupees one thousand crores or more.
• Every company has a net profit of rupees five crores or more to comply with CSR provisions.

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