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The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 22 October 2022

 

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

hate speech
hate speech

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 21 October 2022

  • The Supreme Court on Friday said it is тАЬtragic what we have reduced religion toтАЭ in the 21st century and a тАЬclimate of hate prevails in the countryтАЭ, while directing the police and authorities to immediately and suo motu register cases against hate speech makers without waiting for a complaint to be filed.
  • The court directed that first information reports (FIRs) should be registered and criminal proceedings initiated against the makers of hate speech тАЬirrespective of their religion so that the secular character of the country is preservedтАЭ.
  • Provisions regarding Hate Speech:
  • Section 153A IPC┬аpenalises тАШpromotion of enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmonyтАЩ.
  • Section 153B IPC┬аpenalises тАШimputations, assertions prejudicial to national-integrationтАЩ.
  • Section 295A IPC┬аpenalises тАШdeliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefsтАЩ.
  • Section 298 IPC┬аpenalises тАШuttering, words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any personтАЩ.
  • Section 505 IPC┬аpenalises publication or circulation of any statement, rumour or report causing public mischief and enmity, hatred or ill-will between classes.
  • Part VII of the Representation of People Act, 1951┬аclassifies hate speech as an offence committed during elections into two categories: corrupt practices and electoral offences.
  • Viswanathan Committee 2019:
    • It proposed inserting┬аSections 153 C (b) and Section 505 A in the IPC┬аfor incitement to commit an offence on grounds of religion, race, caste or community, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, place of birth, residence, language, disability or tribe.
    • It proposed punishment of up to two years along with Rs. 5,000 fine.
  • Bezbaruah Committee 2014:
    • It┬аproposed amendment to Section 153 C of IPC┬а(promoting or attempting to promote acts prejudicial to human dignity), punishable by five years and fine or both and Section 509 A IPC (word, gesture or act intended to insult member of a particular race), punishable by three years or fine or both.

The Hindu Editorial Today

Financial Action Task Force
Financial Action Task Force

Financial Action Task Force (FATF)?

  • The FATF is an┬аinter-governmental body┬аthat sets international standards seeking to prevent┬аinternational financial crimes that aid terrorism.
  • The FATF was┬аestablished┬аin July 1989┬аby a┬аG-7┬аSummit in Paris, initially to examine and develop measures to combat money laundering.

Composition:

  • The FATF currently comprises┬а37 member jurisdictions┬аand two regional organizations┬а(European Commission┬аand┬аGulf Cooperation Council), representing most major financial centers in all parts of the globe.
    • India┬аhas been┬аa member of the FATF since 2010.
    • India┬аis also a member of its regional partners, the┬аAsia Pacific Group (APG)┬аand┬аthe Eurasian Group (EAG).
  • Headquarters:
    • Its Secretariat is located at the┬аOrganisation for Economic Cooperation and Development┬а(OECD)┬аheadquarters in Paris.
  • Lists under FATF:
    • Grey List:
      • Countries that are considered┬аsafe haven for┬аsupporting┬аterror funding and money laundering┬аare put in the┬аFATF grey list.
      • This inclusion serves as a warning to the country that it may enter the blacklist.
    • Black List:
      • Countries known as┬аNon-Cooperative Countries or Territories (NCCTs)┬аare put in the┬аblacklist. These countries support┬аterror funding and money laundering activities.
      • The FATF revises the blacklist regularly, adding or deleting entries.
      • Currently,┬аIran and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)┬аare under High-risk Jurisdiction or black list.
Travel Expenses
Travel Expenses
Great Indian Bustards
Great Indian Bustards
  • The recent sighting of three Great Indian Bustards (GIBs) deep in PakistanтАЩs Cholistan desert has given rise to speculation that the endangered birds might have flown across the international border from IndiaтАЩs Desert National Park (DNP).
  • GIBs are critically endangered in Pakistan because of lack of protection and rampant hunting.
  • The GIB тАФ the State bird of Rajasthan тАФ is considered IndiaтАЩs most critically endangered bird and is protected under the Wildlife Protection Act. Its population of about 150 in Rajasthan accounts for 95% of its total world population.
GIBs
GIBs
  • Habitat:
    • Untamed, Arid grasslands.
    • A Maximum number of GIBs were found in Jaisalmer and the Indian Army-controlled field firing range near Pokhran, Rajasthan.
    • Other areas:┬аGujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
Megh Chakra
Megh Chakra
  • Last month, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) conducted searches across States and Union Territories as part of a pan-India operation, тАЬMegh ChakraтАЭ.
  • The operation, against the online circulation and sharing of Child Sexual Abusive Material (CSAM) using cloud-based storage, was supposedly based on inputs received from InterpolтАЩs Singapore special unit, in turn based on the information received from New Zealand.
  • In November 2021, a similar exercise code-named тАЬOperation CarbonтАЭ was launched by the CBI, with many being booked under the IT Act, 2000.
  • In India, though viewing adult pornography in private is not an offence; seeking, browsing, downloading or exchanging child pornography is an offence punishable under the IT Act.
  • In the Kamlesh Vaswani (WP(C) 177/2013) case, the petitioner sought a complete ban on pornography.
  • After the CourtтАЩs intervention, the advisory committee (constituted under Section 88 of the IT Act) issued orders in March 2015 to ISPs to disable nine (domain) URLs which hosted contents in violation of the morality and decency clause of Article 19(2) of the Constitution.
  • Article 19(1)(a): Freedom of speech and expression,┬аprovides every citizen with the right to express oneтАЩs views, opinions, beliefs, and convictions freely by word of mouth, writing, printing, picturing or in any other manner.
  • Article 19(2)┬аconfers the right on the State to impose┬аreasonable restrictions┬аon the exercise of the freedom of speech and expression on the grounds of,
    • Sovereignty and integrity of India,
    • Security of the state,
    • Friendly relations with foreign states,
    • Public order, decency or morality,
    • Contempt of court, defamation, and incitement to an offence.
scheme to incentivise entrepreneurs
scheme to incentivise entrepreneurs
  • Days after the Union Environment Ministry announced a scheme to incentivise entrepreneurs to manufacture pellets from paddy stubble, beneficiaries say that the scheme does not account for the actual costs of manufacturing and is unlikely to help with reducing pollution from stubble burning.
  • Pellets, which are manufactured out of agriculture biomass, when properly made would provide much more heat, emit fewer than 50% of the particulate matter and only a fraction of the ash from burning an equivalent amount of coal, according to Gurugram-based Amitabh Malaviya, who is in the business of pellet manufacturing.

Pelletisation:

  • Paddy straw made into pellets that can be mixed along with coal in thermal power plants.
  • This saves coal as well as reduces carbon emissions that would otherwise have been emitted were the straw burnt in the fields, as is the regular practice of most farmers in Punjab and Haryana.

Q) With reference to the Vulture population in India, consider the following statements:

  1. 96% of IndiaтАЩs vulture population declined between 1993 and 2003.
  2. Himalayan Vulture and Griffon Vulture are critically endangered.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдЧрд┐рджреНрдзреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЖрдмрд╛рджреА рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдореЗрдВ, рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреАрдЬрд┐рдПрдГ

  1. 1993 рдФрд░ 2003 рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рдЧрд┐рджреНрдзреЛрдВ рдХреА 96 рдлреАрд╕рджреА рдЖрдмрд╛рджреА рдореЗрдВ рдЧрд┐рд░рд╛рд╡рдЯ рдЖрдИ рд╣реИред
  2. рд╣рд┐рдорд╛рд▓рдпреА рдЧрд┐рджреНрдз рдФрд░ рдЧреНрд░рд┐рдлреЙрди рдЧрд┐рджреНрдз рдЧрдВрднреАрд░ рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рд╕рдВрдХрдЯрдЧреНрд░рд╕реНрдд рд╣реИрдВред

рдЙрдкрд░реЛрдХреНрдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рдХрдерди рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2
  3. рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ 1 рдФрд░ 2
  4. рди рддреЛ 1 рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА 2

Vulture population:

  • 96% of IndiaтАЩs vulture population declined between 1993 and 2003.
  • Therefore, the Central government put into place two action plans to protect the species at the national level тАФ the first in 2006 and the second, ongoing plan for 2020-2025.
  • One of the important action points in this nationwide plan is the formation of State-level committees to save the critically endangered population of vultures.

Vulture species in India:

  • 9 species of vultures are found in India.
  • Of these nine species,┬а4 are listed as Critically Endangered┬аspecies of Vultures and┬аone as endangered species┬аin IUCN red list of endangered species.

Species of Vultures found in India and their Conservation Status:

  • Indian Vulture or┬аLong-billed vulture (Gyps indicus)-┬аCritically Endangered
  • Indian White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis)-┬аCritically Endangered
  • Red-headed Vulture (Sarcogypscalvus)-┬аCritically Endangered
  • Slender-billed Vulture (Gyps tenuirostris)-┬аCritically Endangered
  • Egyptian Vulture (Neophronpercnopterus)-┬аEndangered
  • Cincerous Vulture (Aegypiusmonachus)-┬аNear Threatened
  • Bearded Vulture (Gypaetusbarbatus)-┬аNear Threatened
  • Himalayan Vulture (Gyps himalayansis)-┬аNear Threatened
  • Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus)-┬аLeast Concern

Q) With reference to the Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), consider the following statements:

  1. It was first proposed by the Prime Minister at COP 26, Mission LiFE.
  2. It envisioned as an India-led global mass movement that will nudge individual and collective action to protect and preserve the environment.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

рдорд┐рд╢рди рд▓рд╛рдЗрдл (рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЬреАрд╡рди рд╢реИрд▓реА) рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдореЗрдВ, рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реЗрдВ:

  1. рдЗрд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реА рдмрд╛рд░ рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рди рдордВрддреНрд░реА рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ COP 26, рдорд┐рд╢рди рд▓рд╛рдЗрдл рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддрд╛рд╡рд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред
  2. рдЗрд╕рдиреЗ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рдиреЗрддреГрддреНрд╡ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╡реИрд╢реНрд╡рд┐рдХ рдЬрди рдЖрдВрджреЛрд▓рди рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛ рдХреА рдЬреЛ рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдг рдХреА рд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдФрд░ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдЧрдд рдФрд░ рд╕рд╛рдореВрд╣рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░реНрд░рд╡рд╛рдИ рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░реЗрд░рд┐рдд рдХрд░реЗрдЧрд╛ред

рдЙрдкрд░реЛрдХреНрдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рдХрдерди рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2
  3. рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ 1 рдФрд░ 2
  4. рди рддреЛ 1 рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА 2

Explanation :

Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), in the presence of the UN Secretary General Ant├│nio Guterres, at the Statue of Unity, Ekta Nagar, Gujarat.

  • It was first proposed by the Prime Minister at COP 26, Mission LiFE.
  • It envisioned as an India-led global mass movement that will nudge individual and collective action to protect and preserve the environment.
  • The global movement will showcase sustainable goals and climate actions taken by countries and individuals around the world.
  • It makes the fight against climate change democratic, in which everyone can contribute with their respective capacities.
  • It aims at following a three-pronged strategy for changing people’s collective approach towards sustainability.

Q) With reference to the Single-use plastics, consider the following statements:

  1. Plastic carry bags of thickness less than 75 microns are prohibited under the Plastic Waste Management Rules.
  2. Plastic wrapping material less than 50 microns in thickness and plastic sachets used for selling and storing tobacco, pan masala and gutkha are allowed.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

рд╕рд┐рдВрдЧрд▓ рдпреВрдЬ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд┐рдХ рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреАрдЬрд┐рдПрдГ

  1. рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд┐рдХ рдХрдЪрд░рд╛ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрди рдирд┐рдпрдореЛрдВ рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд 75 рдорд╛рдЗрдХреНрд░реЛрди рд╕реЗ рдХрдо рдореЛрдЯрд╛рдИ рдХреЗ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд┐рдХ рдХреИрд░реА рдмреИрдЧ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдмрдВрдзрд┐рдд рд╣реИрдВред
  2. 50 рдорд╛рдЗрдХреНрд░реЛрди рд╕реЗ рдХрдо рдореЛрдЯрд╛рдИ рдХреА рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд┐рдХ рд░реИрдкрд┐рдВрдЧ рд╕рд╛рдордЧреНрд░реА рдФрд░ рддрдВрдмрд╛рдХреВ, рдкрд╛рди рдорд╕рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдФрд░ рдЧреБрдЯрдЦрд╛ рдмреЗрдЪрдиреЗ рдФрд░ рднрдВрдбрд╛рд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдП рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд┐рдХ рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рдЙрдЪ рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рд╣реИред

рдЙрдкрд░реЛрдХреНрдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рдХрдерди рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2
  3. рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ 1 рдФрд░ 2
  4. рди рддреЛ 1 рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА 2
  • In a bid to reduce plastic pollution, India from July 1, 2022┬аbanned┬а19┬аSUP┬аitems.
  • Plastic carry bags of thickness┬аless than 75 microns┬аare also prohibited under the┬аPlastic Waste Management Rules.┬аTheir thickness will have to be┬аincreased to 120┬аmicrons from December 31, 2022.
  • Plastic wrapping material less than 50 microns┬аin thickness and plastic sachets used for selling and storing tobacco, pan masala and gutkha are also not allowed.

Q) тАШGlobal Financial Stability ReportтАЩ is prepared by the

  1. European Central Bank
  2. International Monetary Fund
  3. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  4. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

‘рд╡реИрд╢реНрд╡рд┐рдХ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░рддрд╛ рд░рд┐рдкреЛрд░реНрдЯ’ рдХрд┐рд╕рдХреЗ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рддреИрдпрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ?

  1. рдпреВрд░реЛрдкреАрдп рд╕реЗрдВрдЯреНрд░рд▓ рдмреИрдВрдХ
  2. рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдореБрджреНрд░рд╛ рдХреЛрд╖
  3. рдкреБрдирд░реНрдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдФрд░ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдмреИрдВрдХ
  4. рдЖрд░реНрдерд┐рдХ рд╕рд╣рдпреЛрдЧ рдФрд░ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рд╕рдВрдЧрдарди

Explanation:

  • The Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) is a semiannual report by the IMF that assesses the stability of global financial markets.

Q) Consider the following statements about the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:

  1. It is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations.
  2. It was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
  3. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

рдЬрд▓рд╡рд╛рдпреБ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрди рдкрд░ рдЕрдВрддрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдкреИрдирд▓ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реЗрдВ:

  1. рдпрд╣ рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдХрд╛ рдПрдХ рдЕрдВрддрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдирд┐рдХрд╛рдп рд╣реИред
  2. рдЗрд╕рдХреА рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдирд╛ 1988 рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рдореМрд╕рдо рд╡рд┐рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рд╕рдВрдЧрдарди (WMO) рдФрд░ рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдг рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо (UNEP) рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдХреА рдЧрдИ рдереАред
  3. рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдореБрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдЬрд┐рдиреЗрд╡рд╛, рд╕реНрд╡рд┐рдЯреНрдЬрд░рд▓реИрдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИред

рдКрдкрд░ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди-рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1 рдФрд░ 2
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2 рдФрд░ 3
  3. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1 рдФрд░ 3
  4. 1, 2 рдФрд░ 3

Explanation:

  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations responsible for advancing knowledge on human-induced climate change.
  • It was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and later endorsed by United Nations General Assembly.
  • It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and is composed of 195 member states.

Mains Practice Question:

Q) тАЬOne of the most significant impacts of climate change is on our food systemтАЭ. Explain (150 words)

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Introduction:┬а

  • One of the most significant impacts of climate change is on our food system. It affects the way we produce as well as consume food. The impact is even more on a predominantly agrarian economy like India, creating ripple effects on the entire food production chain.

Body:┬а

  • The damage caused to agriculture and food security by the ongoing heatwave is multi-dimensional. It damaged the wheat crop, and affe┬нc┬нted the food supply, prompting a phenomenal rise in the price of wheat products.
  • The loss to wheat is both qualitative as well as quantitative as besides the low output, the grain is also of poor quality.
  • The Global Food Policy Report 2022 by the International Food Policy Research Institute has warned that climate change may push many Indians towards hunger by 2030 due to a decline in agricultural production and disruption in the food supply chain.
  • “Higher temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, sea-level rise, and growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, extreme heat, and cyclones are already reducing agricultural productivity, disrupting food supply chains, and displacing communities,” the report noted.
  • Another report by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, predicted that IndiaтАЩs high vulnerability and exposure to climate change is going to threaten food security and slow the countryтАЩs economic growth, besides impacting health and the overall development process, making poverty reduction even more difficult.
  • India may not be facing an immediate famine, but policymakers have a task cut out.
  • Climate change can reduce fresh water resources and food production.
  • Climate change induced natural calamities can cause acute food insecurity Increase in drought may lead to agricultural labour migration, joblessness and persistent food insecurity.

Conclusion:

  • Reimagining food systems requires looking at food systems through the prism of climate change adaptation and mitigation, which must also entail making them resilient to climate change and pandemics while making them green and sustainable.

Mains Practice Question:

Q) Discuss the significance of electoral literacy for a stronger democracy.(150 words)

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The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 27 October 2022

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