The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 18 March 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 17 March 2023

 The Hindu Editorial Today

• The Centre has selected sites in Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh to set up new textile parks, a year and a half after the PM Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel (PM MITRA) scheme was announced.
• Listing the seven selected States in a tweet on Friday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the parks would “provide state-of-the-art infrastructure for the textiles sector, attract investment of crores and create lakhs of jobs”.
• The scheme was announced in October 2021, and the parks will be set up by 2026-27. The total outlay for the project is ₹4,445 crore, though the intial allocation in the 2023-24 Budget is only ₹200 crore.
• “PM MITRA mega textile parks will boost the textiles sector in line with 5F (Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign) vision,” Mr. Modi tweeted, adding that the scheme would be a great example of the government’s policy of ‘Make in India’ and ‘Make for the World’.

• Carcasses of endangered Olive Ridley turtles were seen washed up on the shore at several places and in some islands in Krishna district.
• Tourists visiting the beaches in the district have expressed concern over the mortality of the Olive Ridley turtles. Injuries were found on some of the carcasses of the turtles, the villagers said.
• The Olive ridley turtles are the smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world.
• These turtles are carnivores and get their name from their olive-coloured carapace.
• They are best known for their unique mass nesting called Arribada, where thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs.
• They are found in warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.
• The Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary is known as the world’s largest rookery (colony of breeding animals) of sea turtles.
• IUCN Red List: Vulnerable

• Tiwa tribal boys performing rituals wearing headgears called sakrashata during the Sokra Misawa festival in Karbi Anglong district, Assam.
• Tiwas worship nature during this spring-time festival and then prepare their fields for the next crop.

• The propagation of fake news will be one of the biggest threats to democracy in an election season, when most information is likely to be consumed through social media sources. As such, this issue should be ranked high as any other in terms of potential to destabilise democratic institutions.
• Keeping this in mind, several countries have already felt the need to have in place robust responses to disinformation. The European Union (EU) has put out the Code of Practice on Disinformation 2022.
• The United Kingdom has proposed enacting an Online Safety Bill which will expect social media platforms (intermediaries) to actively monitor problematic content.
• On the other hand, there has been little or no serious discussion on the menace and the extent of disinformation in India.
• A more studied, comprehensive and calculated set of legislative actions is required if there is to be a balance between allowing free speech under Article 19 of the Constitution of India, and protecting citizens from falling prey to malicious disinformation.
• With the use of Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Union Government has blocked access to any information online that it considers necessary in the interest of the sovereignty and the integrity of India, the security of the state or public order.
• More recently, the Union brought out the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 , or IT Rules, 2021, to regulate content by online publishers of news and social media intermediaries.

• The Supreme Court will soon hear an extraordinary petition from the Telangana government, seeking a direction to the Governor, Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan, to grant assent to Bills passed by the State Assembly. Recently, the apex court disposed of a petition from the Punjab Government that was aggrieved by an alleged delay in the Governor summoning the Assembly.
• One sees a disturbing tendency in recent years of some Governors making use of the absence of a time-frame in the Constitution to indefinitely delay decisions. This tactic effectively stalls the elected regime’s legislative agenda.
• As the Supreme Court remarked recently, dialogue between constitutional functionaries should not become a race to the bottom. Constitutional functions should not be held hostage to political and personal differences.
• Veto Power of the President of India is guided by Article 111 of the Indian Constitution.
• Article 200 of the Indian Constitution deals with the powers of the Governor with regard to assent given to bills passed by the State legislature and other powers of the Governor such as reserving the bill for the President’s consideration.
• Article 201 pertains to ‘Bills Reserved for Consideration’.
• The Governor of India enjoys absolute veto, suspensive veto (except on money bills) but not the pocket veto.

• The Supreme Court on Friday directed the Environment Ministry to file its counter-affidavit to a petition filed by a minor, M. Kaviya, a resident of Nilgiris, seeking judicial intervention to protect the Western Ghats from destruction.
• Kaviya and seven other children have sought “justice in terms of intergenerational equity”, saying that unbridled “development” in the ancient mountain system would leave their generation without a future or a livelihood. They have sought an “effective, sustainable and credible conservation regime for the Western Ghats, its diverse ecosystems and ecologically sensitive zones”.

Committees for Western Ghats:

• Gadgil Committee (2011): Also known as the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP), it recommended that all of the Western Ghats be declared as the Ecological Sensitive Areas (ESA) with only limited development allowed in graded zones.
• Kasturirangan Committee (2013): It sought to balance the development and environment protection in contrast to the system proposed by the Gadgil report.
• The Kasturirangan committee recommended that instead of the total area of Western Ghats, only 37% of the total area should be brought under ESA and a complete ban on mining, quarrying and sand mining be imposed in ESA.

• Horseshoe crabs, one of the oldest living creatures on earth and medicinally priceless, appear to be disappearing from their familiar spawning grounds along Chandipur and Balaramgadi coast in Odisha’s Balasore district.
• Chatterjee first discovered horseshoe crabs along Balasore coast and brought the species to the State’s notice in 1987.
• “Like olive ridley sea turtles, these crabs are basically deep-sea animals. They come to coasts of Balasore in Odisha and Digha and Sundarban in West Bengal for breeding purposes. They select a suitable site for laying their eggs. Unfortunately, those eggs are also damaged by local people,” lamented the scientist.
• The blood of this crab is very important for the preparation of rapid diagnostic reagents. All injectable medicines are tested on them. Dr. Chatterjee said a molecule has been developed from a reagent of horseshoe crab to help treat pre-eclampsia.
• The scientist said only a few countries in the world have horseshoe crab population and India is one among them. “This is the oldest living creature on earth. Palaeontological studies say the age of horseshoe crabs is 450 million years.
• The creature has lived on earth without undergoing any morphological change. Scientists are surprised to find strong immune system in animal that helped it survive millions of years. The animal is critical for human health. If we don’t put any effort now, horseshoe crabs would not be found in India in next few years,” he warned.

Q) With reference to Rampa Rebellion, consider the following statements:

1. It marked the first major rebellion of people in Odisha towards the political order of the British in 1849.
2. It was led by Alluri Sitarama Raju.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

रम्पा विद्रोह के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिये:

1. इसने 1849 में अंग्रेजों के राजनीतिक आदेश के प्रति ओडिशा में लोगों के पहले बड़े विद्रोह को चिह्नित किया।
2. इसका नेतृत्व अल्लूरी सीताराम राजू ने किया था।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation:

• The Rampa Rebellion of 1922, also known as the Manyam Rebellion,was a tribal uprising, led by Alluri Sitarama Rajuin Godavari Agency of Madras Presidency, British India.
• It began in August 1922 and lasted until the capture and killing of Raju in May 1924.

Q) Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the National Standards body, working under the aegis of:

1. Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution
2. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
3. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
4. Ministry of Home Affairs

भारतीय मानक ब्यूरो (BIS) राष्ट्रीय मानक निकाय है, जो इसके तत्वावधान में काम कर रहा है:

1. उपभोक्ता मामले, खाद्य और सार्वजनिक वितरण मंत्रालय
2. वाणिज्य और उद्योग मंत्रालय
3. स्वास्थ्य और परिवार कल्याण मंत्रालय
4. गृह मंत्रालय

Explanation:

• The Bureau of Indian Standards (est. 1986, HQ: Old Delhi, Statutory body) is the National Standards Body of India under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution. It is established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 which came into effect in October 2017.

Q) Consider the following statements about Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA):

1. It was launched by the NITI Aayog in 2020.
2. It is designed as an evolvable/agile framework for good data governance.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

डेटा एम्पावरमेंट एंड प्रोटेक्शन आर्किटेक्चर (डीईपीए) के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. इसे NITI Aayog द्वारा 2020 में लॉन्च किया गया था।
2. इसे अच्छे डेटा गवर्नेंस के लिए एक विकसित/फुर्तीला ढांचे के रूप में डिजाइन किया गया है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation: Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA):

• It was launched by the NITI Aayog in 2020 on the premise that individuals themselves are the best judges of the ‘right’ uses of their personal data.
• It is designed as an evolvable/agile framework for good data governance that empowers people to seamlessly and securely access their data and share it with third-party institutions.

Q) With reference to Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), consider the following statements:

1. It is an intergovernmental organization of more than 25 Member countries.
2. It is headquartered in Vienna, Austria.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

पेट्रोलियम निर्यातक देशों के संगठन (ओपेक) के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिये:

1. यह 25 से अधिक सदस्य देशों का एक अंतरसरकारी संगठन है।
2. इसका मुख्यालय ऑस्ट्रिया के विएना में है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation:

• S1 and S2: OPEC, which describes itself as a permanent intergovernmental organization, was created in Baghdad in September 1960 by founding members Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela.
• The headquarters of the organization are in Vienna, Austria, where the OPEC Secretariat, the executive organ, carries out OPEC’s day-to-day business.

Q) Sendai Framework is related to

1. Banning of chemical weapons
2. Regulate international trade in conventional weapons
3. Limiting the spread of nuclear weapons
4. None of the above

सेंदाई फ्रेमवर्क संबंधित है

1. रासायनिक हथियारों पर प्रतिबंध
2. पारंपरिक हथियारों में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार को विनियमित करें
3. परमाणु हथियारों के प्रसार को सीमित करना
4. उपर्युक्त में से कोई नहीं

Explanation:

• The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) is an international document that was adopted by the United Nations member states between 14 and 18 March 2015 at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan.

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