The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 15 March 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 14 March 2023

• A Russian fighter jet on Tuesday struck the propeller of a U.S. surveillance drone over the Black Sea, causing American forces to bring down the unmanned aerial vehicle in international waters, the U.S. military said, an incident that highlighted soaring U.S.-Russia tensions over Moscow’s war in Ukraine.
• White House National Security spokesman John Kirby said U.S. President Joe Biden was briefed on the incident by National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan. The U.S. European Command said in a statement from Stuttgart, Germany that two Russian Su-27 fighter jets “conducted an unsafe and unprofessional intercept” of an MQ-9 drone that was operating within international airspace over the Black Sea.

 The Hindu Editorial Today

• On March 10, 2023, Saudi Arabia and Iran, represented by their national security advisers, signed an agreement in Beijing, China, to re-establish diplomatic ties, respect each other’s sovereignty and maintain non-interference in the other’s domestic affairs.
• they have confronted each other in proxy wars in Syria and Yemen, carried out media campaigns of extraordinary mutual hostility, often on sectarian basis, and have on occasion come close to direct conflict, particularly in 2019 when suspected Iranian agents attacked Saudi oil facilities.
• West Asia is also crucial for the realisation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), with regional states being important for logistical connectivity, and investment, consultancy and contracting partnerships. China’s interests obviously require a stable regional environment, but, till recently, China had been reluctant to engage itself with regional competitions and confrontations.

• If fiscal stimulus is continued, injected largely through capital expenditures as envisaged in the 2023-24 Union budget, we may come closer to the RBI’s growth estimate. However, with elections round the corner, there may be pressure to increase revenue expenditures.
• This might lead to a growth rate closer to 6%. Any stimulus for growth should be undertaken while adhering to the fiscal consolidation road map so as to keep India’s medium-term story intact.
• A steady growth of 6% to 7% can be ensured over the medium term, only if the fixed capital formation rate is raised by another 2 percentage points. This is notwithstanding the global factors that are not encouraging.

• European countries increased imports of major weaponry by 47% between 2013-17 and 2018-2022 even as the global volume of international arms transfers fell by 5.1%. If only those European states in the U.S.-led NATO alliance are considered, the increase in arms imports was 65% in the same period.
• Russia’s invasion of Ukraine last year has prompted European countries to rush to bolster their defenses.
• SIPRI defines major arms as aircraft, warships, tanks, artillery, missiles and various heavy defence systems.
• SIPRI, established in 1966, is an independent international institute dedicated to research of conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament.

• Even as experts have said that it will be impossible to conduct an accurate sub-categorisation of Other Backward Classes (OBC) groups without some form of a caste census, the Union government on Tuesday informed the Lok Sabha that the Justice G. Rohini Commission, which is looking into the sub-categorisation, has been working without the data from the previous Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC) conducted in 2011.
• The commission, headed by the former Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court, Justice G. Rohini (retd.), was formed in 2017 by the Social Justice Ministry, in a bid to sub-categorise the nearly 3,000 caste groups that are currently listed as OBCs on the Central list.
• The goal was to determine which caste groups had the most access to benefits, crowding out less privileged caste groups.
• The commission, initially tasked with submitting its report within 12 weeks, has been given 14 extensions till date, the most recent one being in January.

• Australia has unveiled plans to buy up to five U.S. nuclear-powered submarines, then build a new model with U.S. and British technology under an ambitious plan to bulk up Western muscle across the Asia-Pacific in the face of a rising China.
• As Mr. Biden stressed, Australia, which joined a newly formed alliance known as AUKUS with Washington and London 18 months ago, will not be getting nuclear weapons.
• However, acquiring stealthy submarines powered by nuclear reactors puts Australia in an elite club and at the forefront of U.S.-led efforts to push back against Chinese military expansion.

About IAEA:

• Set up as the world’s “Atoms for Peace” organization in 1957 within the United Nations family.
• Reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council.
• Headquarters in Vienna, Austria.

Functions:

• Works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies.
• Seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.

Q) Under Article 33, Parliament has powers to restrict or abrogate the fundamental rights of certain categories of persons, including

1. Members of the armed forces
2. Members of the forces charged with the maintenance of public order
3. Intelligence and counter-intelligence agencies

Select the correct answer code:

1. 1, 2
2. 1, 3
3. 1 only
4. 1, 2, 3

अनुच्छेद 33 के तहत, संसद के पास कुछ श्रेणियों के व्यक्तियों के मौलिक अधिकारों को प्रतिबंधित या निरस्त करने की शक्तियां हैं, जिनमें शामिल हैं

1. सशस्त्र बलों के सदस्य
2. सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था के रखरखाव के लिए आरोपित बलों के सदस्य
3. खुफिया और प्रति-खुफिया एजेंसियां

सही उत्तर कूट का चयन करें:

1. 1, 2
2. 1, 3
3. केवल 1
4. 1, 2, 3

• Under Article 33, Parliament has powers to restrict or abrogate the fundamental rights of certain categories of persons, including members of the armed forces to ensure the proper discharge of their duties and the maintenance of discipline among them.
• The same principle will also apply to members of the forces charged with the maintenance of public order, i.e., the police personnel of all States and Union Territories, intelligence and counter-intelligence agencies including their communication sections as provided in Article 33 of the Constitution.

Q) HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Mobility Rocket System), recently seen in news is developed by

1. Russia
2. Israel
3. United States
4. China

HIMARS (हाई मोबिलिटी आर्टिलरी मोबिलिटी रॉकेट सिस्टम), हाल ही में समाचारों में देखा गया किसके द्वारा विकसित किया गया है

1. रूस
2. इज़राइल
3. संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
4. चीन

• The convincing demonstration of U.S. superiority over Russian weaponry in regard to shoulder-fired surface to air missiles, anti-tank weapons such as the Javelin, and launchers such as HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Mobility Rocket System), has since given the U.S. additional confidence to take on all comers.

Q) The Global Findex Database is released by

1. International Monetary Fund
2. World Economic Forum
3. World Trade Organization
4. World Bank

ग्लोबल फाइंडेक्स डेटाबेस किसके द्वारा जारी किया जाता है

1. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष
2. विश्व आर्थिक मंच
3. विश्व व्यापार संगठन
4. विश्व बैंक

Explanation:

• According to the latest Findex Report – 2021 by the World Bank, around one-third of adults still lack access to formal financial services.
• About financial inclusion:
  • Financial inclusion means that individuals and businesses have access to useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs – transactions, payments, savings, credit, and insurance – delivered in a responsible and sustainable way.

Q) Consider the following statements.

1. The relocation of Cheetahs from Namibia to India was the first in the world where a large carnivore was relocated from one continent to another.
2. The conservation of the cheetah will revive grassland-forests and its biome and habitat.
3. Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary, which was previously assessed for the translocation of the Asiatic Lion, is located in Madhya Pradesh.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें।

1. नामीबिया से भारत में चीतों का स्थानांतरण दुनिया में पहला था जहां एक बड़े मांसाहारी को एक महाद्वीप से दूसरे महाद्वीप में स्थानांतरित किया गया था।
2. चीता के संरक्षण से चरागाह-जंगलों और उसके बायोम और आवास को पुनर्जीवित किया जा सकेगा।
3. शेरगढ़ वन्य जीव अभ्यारण्य, जिसे पूर्व में एशियाई सिंह के स्थानान्तरण के लिए मूल्यांकित किया गया था, मध्य प्रदेश में स्थित है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1 और 2
2. केवल 2
3. केवल 2 और 3
4. 1, 2 और 3

Explanation:

• This is the first time in the world that a large carnivore was relocated from one continent to another.
• The conservation of the cheetah will revive grassland-forests and its biome and habitat, much like Project Tiger has done for forests and all the species found in these forests. Project Tiger has also resulted in the conservation of 250 water bodies found in India’s 52 Tiger Reserves. The Cheetah Project is likely to have a similar impact.
• Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Rajasthan.

Q) Consider the following statements:

1. Guru Ghasidas National Park is located in Chhattisgarh.
2. Kuno National Park is the planned location in India for the reintroduction of African cheetahs.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. गुरु घासीदास राष्ट्रीय उद्यान छत्तीसगढ़ में स्थित है।
2. कूनो राष्ट्रीय उद्यान अफ्रीकी चीतों के पुन: परिचय के लिए भारत में नियोजित स्थान है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation:

• India and Namibia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to reintroduce the African cheetah in India. The agreement will prepare the ground for the relocation of the first batch of cheetahs from Namibia to Madhya Pradesh’s Kuno National Park.
• The Asiatic cheetah was declared extinct in India in 1952 and is a critically endangered species surviving only in Iran. In 1947, there were confirmed records of the cheetah’s presence in India.

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