The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 11 May, 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 10 May 2023

The first satellite communication policy was introduced in 1997, with guidelines for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the satellite industry that were further liberalised but never generated much enthusiasm.
First, this is the only reference to ‘security’ in the document, making it clear that the focus is on civilian and peaceful applications.
The Space Policy 2023 is a forward-looking document reflecting good intentions and a vision. But it is not enough. What is urgently needed is a time frame to provide the necessary legal framework to translate this vision into reality, to successfully launch India into the Second Space Age.
IN–SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre):

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To facilitate private sector participation, the government has created the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), in June 2020, as a single-window, independent, nodal agency which functions as an autonomous agency in Department of Space (DOS).
Established as a single window agency for all space sector activities of private entities, IN-SPACe plays an important role in boosting the private space sector economy in India.
IN-SPACe, is responsible to promote, enable authorize and supervise various space activities of the NGEs (Non-Governmental Entities) that include, among others, the building of launch vehicles & satellites and providing space-based services; sharing of space infrastructure and premises under the control of DOS/ISRO; and establishment of new space infrastructure and facilities.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has almost doubled its borders with Russia with the addition of Finland as its 31st member in April 2023. Sweden will become a member eventually, once the ratification process gets over, which will swell NATO’s territorial expanse like never before, and also make the Baltic Sea a NATO lake.
Russian actions, European unity
Nordic countries (or for that matter NATO) may face a standoff with Russia is the Arctic region, which has received little attention being too hostile an environment to merit any attention.
Apart from the United States, Canada, and Russia, the Nordic countries such as Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Finland are members of the Arctic Council, and have a direct stake in Arctic affairs.

NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a political and military alliance consisting of 31 member countries.
It was formed in 1949 to promote mutual defence and collective security among its members.

Members:

In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Since then, 19 more countries have joined the Alliance: Greece and Turkey (1952); Germany (1955); Spain (1982); Czechia, Hungary and Poland (1999); Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia (2004); Albania and Croatia (2009); Montenegro (2017); North Macedonia (2020); and Finland (2023).
Headquarters of Allied Command Operations: Mons, Belgium.
Article 5: Article 5 of the NATO treaty is a key provision that states that an attack on one member is an attack on all members.
This provision has only been invoked once, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States.
The Arctic Councilis a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic.
The first step towards the formation of the Council occurred in 1991 when the eight Arctic countries signed the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS).
The 1996 Ottawa Declaration established the Arctic Council as a forum for promoting cooperation, coordination, and interaction among the Arctic states, with the involvement of the Arctic Indigenous communities and other Arctic inhabitants on issues such as sustainable development and environmental protection.
The Arctic Council has conducted studies on climate change, oil and gas, and Arctic shipping.
Members: The eight countries with sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle constitute the members of the council: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States.

The rate of deaths has increased dramatically in relation to dangerous occurrences and overall injuries in the 2011-2020 period
With economic growth and industrial progress, India has witnessed an unfortunate consequence: a disturbing rise in workplace accidents. Countless lives are lost or irreversibly altered due to inadequate occupational safety measures and hazardous working conditions.
According to the Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (DGFASLI) report (2021), a total of 32,413 accidents were reported across various industries, resulting in 1,050 fatalities and 3,882 injuries, in 2020
It is sad that workers’ health and safety are among the first to go in order to save money. Unfortunately, this is unlikely to help India in developing a sustainable economy, let alone an equitable society. Workers’ safety, decent pay and social security must be prioritised in any industrial planning.

Welcoming the U.S. announcement of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s first state visit next month, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said on Wednesday that it would allow him and President Joe Biden to explore ways in which India and the U.S. could strengthen their cooperation at the G-20 [of which India currently holds the rotating presidency] and other multilateral and plurilateral forums.
“The leaders will have the opportunity to review strong bilateral cooperation in various areas of mutual interest, including technology, trade, industry, education, research, clean energy, defense, security, healthcare, and deepening people-to-people connections,” the MEA said in a statement.
The Indian readout went into more detail, adding that the two leaders would reflect on “their shared vision for a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific and discuss opportunities to expand and consolidate the Quad engagement”.

Q) Katepurna Wildlife Sanctuary, recently seen in the news, lies in which state?

Odisha
Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra
Assam

हाल ही में खबरों में रहा कटेपूर्णा वन्यजीव अभयारण्य किस राज्य में स्थित है?

ओडिशा
तमिलनाडु
महाराष्ट्र
असम

About Katepurna Wildlife Sanctuary:

Location: It is located in Akola District of Maharashtra.
This Sanctuary area is the catchment of Katepurna Reservoir, and it forms an aquatic habitat for many floral and faunal species.
The sanctuary derives its name from the Katepurna River, which flows south to Northward almost through the central part of the sanctuary.
Landscape: It is undulating and offers an interesting contrast between the plateau and the plains.
Vegetation: Southern tropical dry deciduous forest.
Flora:
The main species are Ain, Dhawada, Kalamb, Salai, Haldu, Medshing, Tendu etc.
Trees of Vad, Umber, Arjun, and Kalamb are found in moist areas.
Fauna:
It is renowned for its four-horned antelope and barking deer.
Other animals that you can see at the sanctuary include black buck, leopard, wolf, wild boar, hyena, hare, nilgai, jungle cat and monkey.

Q) India’s first Air Force Heritage Centre is located in which one of the following cities?

Indore
Delhi
Maharashtra
Chandigarh

भारत का पहला वायु सेना विरासत केंद्र निम्नलिखित में से किस शहर में स्थित है?

इंदौर
दिल्ली
महाराष्ट्र
चंडीगढ़

About Indian Air Force Heritage Centre:

Location: Chandigarh.
This is the first heritage centre of the IAF and is spread over 17,000 square feet.
The heritage centre highlights the IAF’s role in various wars, including in 1965 and 1971 and the Kargil War, and the Balakot air strike through murals and memorabilia.
It houses five vintage aircraft and will provide visitors with cockpit exposure and an experience with flight simulators.
It also houses the first IAF-made patent aircraft Air Force ‘Kanpur-1 Vintage Prototype Aircraft’, a single-engine indigenous flying machine designed and built by the late Air Vice Marshal Harjinder Singh in 1958 at Base Repair Depot Kanpur.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC):

It monitors macroprudential supervision of the economy, including the functioning of large financial conglomerates.
It is chaired by the Union Finance Minister of India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

वित्तीय स्थिरता और विकास परिषद (FSDC) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

यह बड़े वित्तीय समूहों के कामकाज सहित अर्थव्यवस्था के मैक्रोप्रूडेंशियल पर्यवेक्षण की निगरानी करता है।
इसकी अध्यक्षता भारत के केंद्रीय वित्त मंत्री करते हैं।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 2
1 और 2 दोनों
न तो 1 और न ही 2

About Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC):

It is an apex-level forum constituted by the Government of India in December 2010.
Status: FSDC is not a statutory body. No funds are separately allocated to the council for undertaking its activities.
Objective: Strengthening and institutionalizing the mechanism for maintaining financial stability, enhancing inter-regulatory coordination and promoting financial sector development.
Composition:
It is chaired by the Union Finance Minister of India.
Its members include the heads of financial sector Regulators (RBI, SEBI, PFRDA, IRDA & FMC) Finance Secretary and/or Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Secretary, Department of Financial Services, and Chief Economic Adviser.
The Council can invite experts to its meeting if required.
Functions:
It monitors macroprudential supervision of the economy, including the functioning of large financial conglomerates.
It addresses inter-regulatory coordination and financial sector development issues.

Q) Which one of the following is the best description of ‘Airbus C295’, that was in the news recently?

It is fifth generation fighter aircraft.
It is an attack helicopter.
It is a new-generation tactical airlifter.
None of the above.

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा ‘एयरबस C295’ का सबसे अच्छा वर्णन है, जो हाल ही में समाचारों में था?

यह पांचवीं पीढ़ी का लड़ाकू विमान है।
यह एक हमलावर हेलीकाप्टर है।
यह नई पीढ़ी का टैक्टिकल एयरलिफ्टर है।
उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं।

About Airbus C295:

It is a new-generation tactical airlifter in the light and medium segment.
It was designed and built by Airbus, a European multinational aerospace corporation.
It is robust and reliable but also highly versatile in terms of the number of different missions it can perform.
The C295 conducts multi-role operations worldwide under all weather conditions.
Types of Missions:
It is known to be a superior aircraft used for tactical transport of up to 71 troops or 50 paratroopers.
Air-to-Air refuelling: It can be converted into an air tanker that can deliver up to 6,000 kg of gasoline to fixed and rotary wing receivers by adding a detachable refuelling kit.
Airborne Early Warning (AEW): It has a cutting-edge radar with 360-degree coverage to give a complete picture of the airspace in its Airborne Early Warning variant.
Water-Bomber: It can be transformed into a powerful water bomber that can put out forest fires with up to 7,000 litres of water due to a flexible roll-on/roll-off system.
Armed/Ground ISR (Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance): A close-air-support operation that uses an ISR with a multi-mission radar that can also be weaponized.

Q) With reference to the Gopal Krishna Gokhale, consider the following statements:

In 1905, he was elected president of the Indian National Congress (Surat Session).
In 1899, Gokhale was elected to the Bombay Legislative Council and in 1901 he was elected to the Imperial Council of the Governor-General of India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिएः

1905 में, वे भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस (सूरत अधिवेशन) के अध्यक्ष चुने गए।
1899 में, गोखले बंबई विधान परिषद के लिए चुने गए और 1901 में वे भारत के गवर्नर-जनरल की इंपीरियल काउंसिल के लिए चुने गए।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 2
1 और 2 दोनों
न तो 1 और न ही 2

Indian National Congress (INC):
- Gokhale became a member of the Indian National Congress in 1889. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party.
- In 1905, he was elected president of the Indian National Congress (Benares Session).
- He played a leading role in bringing about Morley-Minto Reforms, the beginning of constitutional reforms in India.
Member in British India Legislature: In 1899, Gokhale was elected to the Bombay Legislative Council and in 1901 he was elected to the Imperial Council of the Governor-General of India.
Servants of India Society: It was formed by him in Pune (Maharashtra) in 1905 to further the expansion of education in India. The Society organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.
Ranade Institute of Economics: In 1908, he founded the ‘Ranade Institute of Economics’.
Mentor to Gandhi: In his autobiography, Gandhi calls Gokhale his mentor and guide. In 1912, Gokhale visited South Africa at Gandhi’s invitation. He received personal guidance from Gokhale, including a knowledge and understanding of India and the issues confronting common Indians.
Hitavad: He launched the English weekly newspaper named The Hitavad (The people’s paper) in 1911.