The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 11 July 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 10 July 2023

Reasons

• Urban Planning
• Sewage System/Drainage System.
• Loss of Natural Landscape
• Encroachment
• Extreme Weather Events

 The Hindu Editorial Today

• About:
• Mob lynching is a term used to describe the acts of targeted violence by a large group of people.
• The violence is tantamount to offences against human body or property- both public as well as private.
• The mob believes that they are punishing the victim for doing something wrong (not necessarily illegal) and they take the law in their own hands to punish the purported accused without following any rules of law.

• The Madras High Court has decided to quash criminal cases registered against minor boys for having consensual relationships with, or having eloped with, minor girls, if it finds that these cases would harm the interest and the future of the children involved, besides being an abuse of the process of court or of law.
• Justices N. Anand Venkatesh and Sunder Mohan have also decided to put an end to the two-finger test conducted on victims of sexual offences and the archaic potency test conducted on the suspects by collecting their sperm.

About the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act:

• The Union Ministry of Women and Child Development led the introduction of the POCSO Act in 2012.
• The Act was designed to protect children from sexual assault, sexual harassment and pornography offences, as well as to provide for the establishment of Special Courts for the trial of such offences.
• Salient features:
• A gender-neutral law: The POCSO Act establishes a gender-neutral tone for the legal framework available to child sexual abuse victims by defining a child as “any person” under the age of 18.
• Not reporting abuse is an offence: Any person (except children) in charge of an institution who fails to report the commission of a sexual offence relating to a subordinate is liable to be punished.
• No time limit for reporting abuse: A victim can report an offence at any time, even a number of years after the abuse has been committed.
• Maintaining confidentiality of the victim’s identity: The Act prohibits disclosure of the victim’s identity in any form of media, except when permitted by the special courts established under the act.

• Little did we know that beyond the automated factory machines, self-driving cars, and robocops, Artificial Intelligence (AI) would one day crash into our lives, authoring poems, tipping us with pickup lines, and passing the toughest examinations.
• There is broad consensus on increasing productivity by adopting AI in producing goods and services.
• Experts suggest that generative AI may not replace employees, but employees using generative AI will replace those who do not upskill.
• Research from across the world is also largely optimistic about AI’s impacts on growth.
• The first is labour replacement that AI technologies bring to the table.
• India, being the most populous country, should be on the lookout as any net negative effect on employment can adversely impact the economy. Increased efficiency by the adoption of AI in call centres and software industries does not bode well for millions of Indians who work in the field.
• Regulation on the use of AI is not a bright solution as this would just drive investments and new opportunities away.

• The theme of this year’s World Population Day, i.e., ‘Unleashing the power of gender equality: Uplifting the voices of women and girls to unlock our world’s infinite possibilities’, could not be more apt for India.
• n India, the world’s most populous nation, the template for women-led development, be it in science, technology, agriculture, education or health care, must also include reproductive autonomy at its core.
• Population stability comes when reproductive and sexual health decisions are free of discrimination, coercion and violence, that reproductive and sexual health services are affordable, acceptable, accessible and of high quality, and that women and couples are supported to have the number of children they want, when they want them.
• The current rate of maternal mortality is 97 (per 100,000 live births in a year), down from 254 in 2004.
• Since the beginning of 2000, India has cut the number of child marriages by half. Teen pregnancies, too, have dramatically decreased. Access to vital services, including health, education, and nutrition, has also improved.
• Many women continue to lack physical autonomy. According to the most recent National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), just 10% of women in India are independently able to take decisions about their own health, and 11% of women believe that marital violence is acceptable if a woman refuses to have sex with her husband. Nearly half of all pregnancies in India are unplanned, as they are globally.

• At 2.35 p.m. Indian Standard Time on July 14, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plans to launch the Chandrayaan-3 mission to the moon onboard a Launch Vehicle Mark 3 from Sriharikota. Chandrayaan-3 is largely a replica of its predecessor, Chandrayaan-2, that was launched in July 2019 in the form of an orbiter and a lander (‘Vikram’) bearing a rover (‘Pragyan’).
• While the orbiter entered into orbit around the moon, the surface mission failed in September when the lander crashed instead of executing a slow descent.
• This will be India’s second attempt to soft-land a lander and rover on the lunar surface, and demonstrate end-to-end capability in the relevant technologies.
• Taken together, Chandrayaan-3 offers opportunities for India to lead the world’s response to the moon’s growing importance in the scientific and the political milieus.

• the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio should have been 4:2:1, instead it is 8:3:1 in the country now.
• “The balance of the soil has been damaged and production has become saturated as a result. Soil health, human health, animal health, and environmental health are connected with one another.
• India’s Import Dependency for Fertilizers:
• India’s dependency on import is to the extent of:
• 25% of our requirement of Urea,
• 90% in case of Phosphates, either as raw material or finished fertilisers (DAP/MAP/TSP) and
• 100% in case of Potash.
• The urea sector contributes significantly to fertiliser production and consumption in the country.
• It accounts for 60 per cent of the total fertiliser consumption and 50 per cent of the total fertiliser imports in terms of volume.

What is PM-PRANAM Scheme?

• PM-PRANAM stands for Prime Minister Promotion of Alternate Nutrients for Agriculture Management Yojana.
• Its objective is to reduce the subsidy burden on chemical fertilizers by promoting the use of alternative fertilizers.
• Incentivizing States and UTs: The scheme incentivizes states and Union Territories to promote the usage of alternative fertilizers and achieve a balanced use of chemical fertilizers. States that demonstrate significant savings in funds due to reduced chemical fertilizer usage receive grants as incentives.
• Subsidy Savings Allocation: Around 50% of the subsidy savings resulting from reduced chemical fertilizer consumption will be allocated as a grant to the state that exhibits the highest savings. This encourages states to actively participate in the adoption of alternative fertilizers.
• Creation of Assets: A significant portion (70%) of the granted funds will be utilized for creating assets associated with the technological integration of alternate fertilizers.

• The Global South refers to various countries around the world that are sometimes described as ‘developing’, ‘less developed’ or ‘underdeveloped’.
• Countries in the Global South were mostly at the receiving end of imperialism and colonial rule.
• By 2030 it is projected that three of the four largest economies will be from the Global South — with the order being China, India, the U.S. and Indonesia.
• The term ‘Global South’ is not geographical. In fact, the Global South’s two largest countries — China and India — lie entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Countries in the Global South are increasingly asserting themselves on the global scene — be it China’s brokering of Iran and Saudi Arabia’s rapprochement or Brazil’s attempt to push a peace plan to end the war in Ukraine.

• Palliative care is care meant to improve the quality of life of patients
• palliative care aims to improve the quality of life by addressing the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social domains of the health of people suffering from life-limiting diseases like heart failure, kidney failure, certain neurological diseases, cancer, etc.
• India is home to nearly 20% of the world’s population, two-thirds of which reside in rural areas. Apart from a rising population, India has experienced a steep rise in the burden of lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases.
• Nearly 1.4 million people are diagnosed with cancer in India every year while diabetes, hypertension, and respiratory diseases are also on the rise. All these diseases need palliative care sooner or later in the disease trajectory.
• Post-independence India has made considerable efforts to improve the health of its people. A three-tier health system, multiple national health programmes and schemes, and the Ayushman Bharat Health Insurance Scheme are all positive steps taken towards universal health coverage.

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