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What is the need for expanding regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government’s UDAN scheme and its achievements

UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) scheme, launched by the Government of India in 2017, is a transformative initiative aimed at enhancing regional air connectivity and making air travel accessible to the common citizen. Need for Expanding Regional Air Connectivity:...

Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far?

Introduction You can start your answer by mentioning the four labour codes and highlighting the need for their implementation. The four Labour Codes introduced in India Code on Wages (2019),  Industrial Relations Code (2020),  Social Security Code (2020) Occupational Safety,...

Describe the context and salient features of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

Introduction You can start your answer by mentioning the significance of Digital Personal Data Protection. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 was enacted to create a comprehensive legal framework for protecting personal data in India.  The DPDP Act...

Explain how narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat across the country. Suggest suitable measures to counter narco-terrorism

Introduction- Define Narco terrorism and explain the threats of narco terrorism in various dimensions. Narco-terrorism refers to the convergence of drug trafficking and terrorism, where drug trade profits are used to fund terrorist activities. Body This phenomenon has emerged as...

What role do environmental NGOs and activities play in influencing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) outcomes for major projects in India? Cite four examples with all the important details

Introduction Environmental NGOs act as watchdogs, playing a pivotal role in shaping Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) outcomes for major projects in India, ensuring environmental sustainability and social responsibility by ensuring transparent process, public participation and that the projects are environmentally...

What is the technology being employed for electronic toll collection on highways? What are the advantages and limitations? What are the proposed changes that will make this process seamless? Would this transaction carry any potential hazards?

Introduction You can start your answer by mentioning the need and the current technology that are being employed in electronic toll collection. Electronic toll collection (ETC) systems on highways are designed to automate toll payments using advanced technology, making the...

What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this lesser commercialization

Introduction: You can start your answer with the Meaning of Intellectual Property right You can put India’s Position in global IPR filing  Present Scenario of IPR in Life Materials The global landscape of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in life materials...

Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India

Introduction  Millets, also known as superfoods, can be grown on arid lands with few inputs. As global agrifood systems struggle to feed a growing population, resilient cereals like millets offer an affordable and nutritious alternative. OR The United Nations (UN)...

What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborat

Introduction Post-independence, India remained a highly inegalitarian agrarian economy. Therefore, land reforms were initiated by the post-colonial government to ensure socio-economic justice by ending the unequal and exploitative land relations between rich landowners and destitute peasants.  OR Land Reforms usually...

Examine the pattern and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post-reforms period in India. To what extent has this been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth?

Introduction According to OECD, Inclusive growth is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all.  On the other hand, sustainability encompasses the idea of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of...