upsc

What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this lesser commercialization

Introduction: You can start your answer with the Meaning of Intellectual Property right You can put India’s Position in global IPR filing  Present Scenario of IPR in Life Materials The global landscape of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in life materials...

Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India

Introduction  Millets, also known as superfoods, can be grown on arid lands with few inputs. As global agrifood systems struggle to feed a growing population, resilient cereals like millets offer an affordable and nutritious alternative. OR The United Nations (UN)...

What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborat

Introduction Post-independence, India remained a highly inegalitarian agrarian economy. Therefore, land reforms were initiated by the post-colonial government to ensure socio-economic justice by ending the unequal and exploitative land relations between rich landowners and destitute peasants.  OR Land Reforms usually...

Examine the pattern and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post-reforms period in India. To what extent has this been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth?

Introduction According to OECD, Inclusive growth is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all.  On the other hand, sustainability encompasses the idea of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of...

Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and/energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition ?

Maldives holds strategic importance for India 'Neighbourhood First' policy due to its location in the Indian Ocean. As maritime economic activity in the Indian Ocean has risen dramatically in recent decades, the geopolitical competition too in the Indian Ocean has...

‘Terrorism has become a significant threat to global peace and security’. Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter Terrorism Committee (CIC) and its associated bodies in addressing and mitigating this threat at the international level

Terrorism is the unlawful use of violence by non-state actors or individuals to instill fear or intimidate governments or societies in pursuit of political, ideological, religious, or social goals. According to Global Terrorism Index 2024, In 2023, deaths from terrorism...

E-governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in service delivery processes. It is as much about multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability. In this context, evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e-governance.

Introduction You can start your answer by explaining e-governance. E-governance involves using digital technologies to improve government services and communication with citizens, enhancing efficiency, transparency, and accountability.  E.g. India’s DigiLocker system allows digital access to important documents, reducing paperwork. You...

In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system, the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketization of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level

Introduction  You can start by stating that private healthcare, accounts for around 70% of healthcare utilization in the country→ increasing marketization of healthcare, with an over-reliance on private providers, has raised concerns about access, affordability, and equity. Body Adverse impact...

Discuss India as a secular state and compare it with the secular principles of the US Constitution

Introduction: Briefly mention how secularism is a foundational principle in both India and the United States, shaping their democratic structures. Highlight the Differences: Introduce the idea that while both countries are secular, they have different models of secularism. This sets...

Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world’s most powerful judiciary?

Introduction: You can start your answer with the definition of PIL: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) refers to a legal action initiated in a court to safeguard the public's interest on issues like pollution, terrorism, road safety, and construction hazards. Any...