science and tech

What is Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis?

Context Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) affects organs other than the lungs, such as lymph nodes, brain, gut, and eyes, accounting for about 20% of TB infections. Unlike pulmonary TB, EPTB often doesn't show up in standard TB stain tests and may...

FLiRT – New Covid Variant, COVID-19 Status in India

Context: New COVID-19 strains KP.2 and KP1.1, referred to as FLiRT variants, are leading to an increase in cases in the U.S., U.K., South Korea, and New Zealand. FLiRT, is causing a rise in cases globally and has reached India...

NISAR Satellite, Objective, Features and Functions

Context: The NISAR satellite was originally planned for launch in July, now been delayed to October-November due to issues on the U.S. side, requiring corrections to the spacecraft. NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) Development: NISAR is a satellite jointly developed...

AlphaFold 3, Working, Potential Impact and Challenges

Context: The emergence of AlphaFold, developed by DeepMind, marks a significant milestone in unravelling the mystery of protein folding. AlphaFold: A Game-Changer in Protein Structure Prediction In 2018, DeepMind introduced AlphaFold, a groundbreaking AI tool designed to predict the intricate...

Dying Satellites, Impact of Ageing Satellites

Context: Three key NASA satellites — Terra, Aqua, and Aura are approaching the end of their operational life, expected to cease functioning within the next few years due to ageing hardware and depleting orbits. What is Dying Satellites? When a...

Project 75I, Background, Key Features and Improvements

Context The German government is considering taking a stake in submarine manufacturer Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (TKMS). This move aligns with TKMS's interest in increasing shareholder confidence and potentially strengthens India's position in the Project-75I submarine deal. About Project-75I Project-75I is...

Artificial General Intelligence, Benefits, Concerns and Scepticism

Context: Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, expressed his commitment to invest billions of dollars towards the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) AGI refers to a machine or software capable of performing any intellectual task that...

Llama 3, Most Sophisticated LLM AI Model Introduced by Meta

Context: Meta introduced its latest AI model- Llama 3, claimed it to be the most sophisticated LLM (Large Language Model) to date. About Llama 3 Part of Meta AI's Llama family of LLMs, first introduced in February 2023. Previous versions:...

Expansion of Universe, Speed, Reasons, Impact

Context A recent study confirmed that two equally valid methods for measuring the universe's expansion rate yield different values, creating the "Hubble tension." Two methods to measure expansion: Cosmic microwave background (CMB) and The cosmic distance ladder, specifically observations of...

PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM) and Space Debris

Context: ISRO's PSLV-C58 mission successfully minimised space debris by transforming the spent fourth stage of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) into an orbital platform named PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-3 (POEM-3). What is PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM)? Developed by...