science and tech civil services

Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme, Background, Development, Component and Need

In an era where global security threats continue to evolve, the need for robust defence systems has become paramount. The Indian Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) Programme stands as a testament to India's commitment to safeguarding its sovereignty and ensuring the...

Defence Sector in India, Evolution, Indigenisation, Government Initiatives and Challenges

The Defence Sector in India plays an indispensable role in safeguarding a nation's sovereignty and protecting its citizens. In India, a nation with a rich and complex history, the Defence sector stands as a formidable guardian of the country's interests....

Space Diplomacy of India, Key Aspects and Challenges

India has been actively engaged in space diplomacy for several years. Space diplomacy refers to the use of space technology and cooperation in the field of space exploration and satellite technology to foster international collaboration, strengthen diplomatic relations, and promote...

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable launch vehicle developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). It is primarily used to launch satellites into polar orbits, geosynchronous transfer orbits (GTO), and sun-synchronous orbits. The PSLV...

Types of Orbits, Definition of Orbits and Uses

An orbit is a regularly repeating path that an object in space follows as it revolves around another celestial body. Objects that move around a planet or another body in space, following an orbit, are commonly referred to as satellites....

GAGAN (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation), Objectives, Features and Importance

GAGAN, which stands for GPS-Aided GEO Augmented Navigation, is a pioneering initiative by the Indian government aimed at enhancing satellite-based navigation services within India. In collaboration with the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO),...

Venus Orbiter Mission: Shukrayaan, Launch Date, Objective and Significance

Venus Orbiter Mission: Shukrayaan, India's ambitious Venus Orbiter Mission, is a significant endeavor by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) to explore Earth's neighboring planet, Venus. The mission aims to study and understand Venus's atmosphere, surface, and geology, shedding light...

Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS), Launch Date, Features and Importance

On October 20, 2023, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi is scheduled to inaugurate the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) Corridor's priority section, marking the beginning of RRTS operations in India. Simultaneously, he will launch the inaugural RapidX train connecting...

Famous Women Scientists of India, Pioneer and Milestones

In the annals of scientific history, the names of luminaries like Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, and Charles Darwin loom large. Yet, for far too long, the invaluable contributions of women scientists have been overshadowed or overlooked. India, a nation known...

What is a Satellite? Definition, Types, and Importance

A satellite is an object in space that orbits or circles around a larger celestial body. There are two main types of satellites: natural and artificial. Natural satellites are celestial objects that orbit planets, with the moon orbiting Earth being...