punjab pcs

Delhi Sultanate in Punjab

Delhi Sultanate The period between 1206 and 1526 is known as the Delhi Sultanate, marking the establishment of Islamic rule in India. The rulers of this era adopted the title of Sultan, a term signifying a powerful ruler under the...

Ghaznavid Empire in Punjab (10th AD – 12th AD)

Ghaznavid Empire (10th AD - 12th AD) The Ghaznavid Empire emerged in the late 10th century AD, marking the culmination of a shift in military power that had begun under the Samanid amirate. Initially, the Samanids relied on the Iranian...

Hindu Shahis in Punjab (9th AD – 11th AD)

Hindu Shahis (9th AD – 11th AD) The Hindu Shahi dynasty ruled over Kabul and the ancient province of Gandhara from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century until the 9th century. Initially known as the Kabul...

Taank Kingdom in Punjab (6th AD – 8th AD)

Taank Kingdom (6th AD - 8th AD) Feature Details Period 6th AD – 8th AD Geographical Location Covered parts of northern Punjab, including present-day Pakistan and India Capital Sialkot Mention in Historical Records Hiuen-Tsang (Xuanzang) (631-643 AD) referred to it...

Water Resources of Punjab and Canal Network in Punjab

Punjab's vast Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain is a rich repository of groundwater resources. However, in the southwestern parts of the state, the thickness of freshwater aquifers is significantly lower than in other areas, with depths of fresh water-bearing aquifers in some...

Drainage of Punjab and Seasonal Rivers of Punjab

Currently, the rivers Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi are the only three rivers flowing through the Indian state of Punjab. Notably, significant sections of the Ravi and Sutlej rivers serve as the international boundary between India and Pakistan. The other two...

Introduction of Punjab’s Medieval History

Medieval History of Punjab During the medieval period, Punjab was predominantly under Muslim rule, witnessing a succession of dynasties that shaped its political and cultural landscape. The Ghaznavids were the first to establish their dominance, followed by the Ghurids, the...

Geographical History of Punjab

Punjab is a state in northern India, located in the northwestern region of the subcontinent. It extends from the latitudes 29.30° North to 32.32° North and longitudes 73.55° East to 76.50° East. The state of Punjab is bordered by Jammu...

Physiography of Punjab, Landforms and Classification

Located between the Yamuna River to the east and the Indus River to the west (even extending beyond the Indus), Punjab is a vast alluvial plain bordered by a rugged foothill region and the Shivalik Hills in the northeast and...

Dynasties of Ancient Punjab

Achaemenid Persian Empire The Mahajanapadas did not face any invasions from Northeast or South India. The smaller principalities in the Northeast were gradually merging into Magadha. However, the Northwestern Mahajanapadas of Gandhara and Kamboja were fighting, creating political instability in...