Polity

Special Marriage Act 1954, Provisions, Procedure, Problems

Marriage is highly valued in Indian society, often seen as a union of families rather than just two individuals. Traditionally, many regions prefer marriages within the same caste or religion, leading to strong social pressures against inter-caste or inter-religious marriages....

Civil Society, Introduction, Evolution, Types, Need and Role

Civil Society Civil society is also called the third sector of society, separate from the government and businesses. It includes groups like families and private organizations. Essentially, civil society consists of communities or organizations, such as environmental groups, that work...

Criminalization of Politics, Meaning, Causes, Effects and Consequences

Criminalization of Politics Criminalization of politics occurs when individuals with criminal charges become politicians and are elected to office. This trend threatens democratic principles like fairness in elections, accountability, and the rule of law. Candidates with Criminal Records: In the...

Representation of the People Act of 1950, Provision & Significance

Representation of People Act, 1950 Free and fair elections are essential for democracy. To ensure this, the Constitution includes Part XV (Articles 324-329), which empowers Parliament to create laws for the electoral process. The Election Commission of India (ECI) is...

Article 20 of Indian Constitution, Articles, Provisions

Article 20 of Indian Constitution Article 20 of the Indian Constitution safeguards individuals from unjust convictions. It ensures that no one can be found guilty of an act that wasn’t illegal at the time, cannot receive a punishment exceeding what...

Article 19 of Indian Constitution, Articles, Provisions, Reasonable Restrictions

Article 19 of Indian Constitution Part III of the Constitution includes 'Fundamental Rights' (Articles 12 to 35), which protect citizens from undue interference by the government in their personal and professional lives. One important right is Article 19, which guarantees...

Indra Sawhney Case Analysis, SC Judgements, Summary

Indra Sawhney Case The Indra Sawhney vs Union of India case, also known as the Mandal Commission case, is a key Supreme Court decision from 1992 that addressed reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government jobs and education. This...

Mandal Commission Report, Timeline, Recommendations

Mandal Commission The Mandal Commission, also known as the Second Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission, was set up to identify backward classes in India. Led by B. P. Mandal, it submitted its report in 1980, and the recommendations were...

Article 14 of Indian Constitution, Equality Before Law, Explanation

Article 14 of Indian Constitution Our nation is still unable to achieve true freedom even after 73 years of independence. Discrimination and other evils still exist in our land. This taboo even affected the intention of the constitution makers or...

India Nepal Border Dispute, Map, Kalapani & Susta Conflicts

India Nepal Border Dispute India and Nepal, which share an open border, have had a mixed relationship, swinging from friendly to tense. The relationships mostly between them are close and rooted in shared history, culture, tradition, and religion. These ties...