Polity

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), Functions, Chairman

About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is an independent body established in 1993 to protect and promote human rights in India. It was created under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, which was...

Central Information Commission, Composition, Power & Function

Central Information Commission The Right to Information Act of 2005 established the Central Information Commission (CIC), an impartial organization. The commission looks into grievances and appeals against government agencies, public sector businesses, financial institutions, and other organizations operating in Union...

Special Marriage Act 1954, Provisions, Procedure, Problems

Marriage is highly valued in Indian society, often seen as a union of families rather than just two individuals. Traditionally, many regions prefer marriages within the same caste or religion, leading to strong social pressures against inter-caste or inter-religious marriages....

Civil Society, Introduction, Evolution, Types, Need and Role

Civil Society Civil society is also called the third sector of society, separate from the government and businesses. It includes groups like families and private organizations. Essentially, civil society consists of communities or organizations, such as environmental groups, that work...

Criminalization of Politics, Meaning, Causes, Effects and Consequences

Criminalization of Politics Criminalization of politics occurs when individuals with criminal charges become politicians and are elected to office. This trend threatens democratic principles like fairness in elections, accountability, and the rule of law. Candidates with Criminal Records: In the...

Representation of the People Act of 1950, Provision & Significance

Representation of People Act, 1950 Free and fair elections are essential for democracy. To ensure this, the Constitution includes Part XV (Articles 324-329), which empowers Parliament to create laws for the electoral process. The Election Commission of India (ECI) is...

Martial Law, Meaning, Rules and Declaration

What is Martial Law? Martial Law is when ordinary laws are suspended, and a country is governed by military courts. In India, Article 34 of the Constitution addresses martial law. The idea of martial law comes from English common law....

Article 20 of Indian Constitution, Articles, Provisions

Article 20 of Indian Constitution Article 20 of the Indian Constitution safeguards individuals from unjust convictions. It ensures that no one can be found guilty of an act that wasn’t illegal at the time, cannot receive a punishment exceeding what...

Article 19 of Indian Constitution, Articles, Provisions, Reasonable Restrictions

Article 19 of Indian Constitution Part III of the Constitution includes 'Fundamental Rights' (Articles 12 to 35), which protect citizens from undue interference by the government in their personal and professional lives. One important right is Article 19, which guarantees...

Indra Sawhney Case Analysis, SC Judgements, Summary

Indra Sawhney Case The Indra Sawhney vs Union of India case, also known as the Mandal Commission case, is a key Supreme Court decision from 1992 that addressed reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government jobs and education. This...