indian polity

Reservation of bills by Governors for President’s Assent

Context: The Supreme Court agreed to examine the Governor's powers related to crucial Bills and eventually referred them to the President. Article 200: Power of Governor Related to Bill Grant assent to the Bill. Withhold assent from the Bill. Reserve...

Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Functions, Challenges

The Supreme Court held as maintainable the West Bengal government's suit challenging the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) actions. West Bengal government accused the Union government of constitutional overreach for using the CBI to investigate in the state despite the...

Right to Shelter is a Fundamental Right: Supreme Court

Context: The Supreme Court emphasised the need for a balance between developing railway infrastructure in Haldwani, Uttarakhand and recognizing the fundamental right to shelter for nearly 50,000 people living on railway land. Haldwani encroachments: Background The context of the Haldwani...

Money Bill, Types, Articles and Constitutional Provisions

Context: The Supreme Court agreed to list petitions challenging the Money Bill route taken by the Centre to pass contentious amendments in the Parliament. More in News The contentious legislation passed as Money Bills: Aadhaar Act, 2016. Amendments to the...

Governors of State: Appointment, Immunity and Power

Context: The Supreme Court of India has agreed to examine a plea challenging immunity of the Governor of Bengal. Article 361 of the Indian Constitution The President of India and governors of state receive immunity from legal proceedings over the...

Women’s Representation in Politics 2024, Trend and Challenges

Context: In 2024, India elected 74 female Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Lok Sabha, which is four less than in 2019. This is a decrease from the 14.4% representation in the 2019 elections. And 52 more than the number...

Maharashtra Bill to Curb Urban Naxalism

Context: The Maharashtra government proposed ‘Maharashtra Special Public Security Bill, 2024'. What is the New Maharashtra Bill to Curb Urban Naxalism? The proposed bill in Maharashtra introduces stringent measures against what it classifies as "unlawful organisations" and activities: Power to...

Enforcement Directorate (ED), Power, Functions and Jurisdiction

Context The Supreme Court granted interim bail to Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal in the excise policy case. The Court raised the bar for arrest by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002. More...

Expunction Powers in Indian Parliament

Context: During the first special session of the 18th Lok Sabha, there were notable incidents involving the expunction of remarks by leaders of the opposition. Expunction Powers in Parliament Expunction powers in the Indian Parliament are vital for upholding the...

President’s Address to Parliament and Motion of Thanks

Context: President Droupadi Murmu addressed the parliament. President’s Address to the Parliament: An Overview Article 87 of the Constitution: It provides two instances when the President specially addresses both Houses of Parliament. The President of India addresses both the Rajya...