indian polity

Governor’s Assent to State Laws and Bills, Categories and Constitutional Provisions

Context: The Supreme Court has delivered a strong judgment against Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi for inaction on 10 Bills passed by the Tamil Nadu State Legislature. Key points of the Supreme Court Judgment on Governor's Assent to State Laws...

Strengthening Enforcement of Judicial Orders

Context: Despite clear judicial rulings, enforcement remains lax. More in News NGT’s order on banning air horns in Jaipur between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., has remained unimplemented even after two years, causing continued public distress. Reasons Behind Ineffective Judicial...

Gradual Transformation of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)

Context: The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has seen various gradual transformations over the years. Background Of The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) Focus on Hotspots Only For decades, violence in Kashmir, insurgency in the Northeast, and Naxalite movements in...

Delimitation: Issues, Legal and Constitutional Basis for Delimitation

Context: There has been a renewed debate about delimitation after the issue was raised by the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The debate on fresh delimitation of legislative constituencies has intensified, raising multiple concerns and possible solutions. The ongoing debate...

Article 311 of Indian Constitution

Context: In a recent judgement the SC bench has clarified that Article 311(1) does not mandate appointing authority’s approval to initiate disciplinary proceedings against a state employee. For dismissal, the appointing authority’s approval will be required. Article 311 of Indian...

Protection and Enforcement of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025

Context: Recently the Rajya Sabha passed ‘The Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025’, which seeks to turn into law the provisions of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol. Key Provisions of the Protection and Enforcement of Interests in...

Waqf Act (Amendment) Bill 2025: Key Highlights, and its Implications

The Waqf (Amendment) Bill 2025, now officially named the Unified Waqf Management Empowerment, Efficiency and Development (UMEED) Bill, has sparked widespread political debate in India. Lok Sabha passed the Waqf Amendment Bill 2025 at midnight on 2nd April 2025. 288...

Transfer and Removal Process for High Court Judge

Context: The Union government has notified the transfer of Justice Yashwant Varma back to the Allahabad High Court from the Delhi High Court. Chief Justice of India (CJI) Sanjiv Khanna has initiated an unprecedented three-member in-house inquiry against Justice Yashwant...

National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC)

Context: The discovery of bundles of currency notes at the residence of Delhi High Court judge Justice Yashwant Varma has reignited the debate on judicial appointments. National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Background The collegium system for judicial appointments in India...

Draft Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025

Context: The draft Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, released by MeitY in January under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, has faced several criticisms. Criticisms of the Draft Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 Appointment of DPB Members:...