History

East India Association, History, Objective, Significance and Legacy

East India Association East India Association was founded in the year 1866 in London by Dadabhai Naoroji. In 1869, it opened branches in several Indian towns, including Bombay, Kolkata, and Madras. The association's primary objectives were to increase British awareness...

Bombay Plague 1896, Background, British State’s Response and Key Learnings

The 1896 Bombay Plague: Background It was a bubonic plague outbreak that began in the bustling port city of Bombay (now Mumbai) and rapidly spread across colonial India due to trade networks, poor living conditions, and high population density. By...

Indian National Congress History, Foundation, Objective and Feature

The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the oldest and most influential political parties in India. Founded in 1885, the INC has played a significant role in shaping India’s political landscape, from the fight for independence to the post-independence...

Satyashodhak Samaj, Founders, Objective, Oath and Affirmations

Satyashodhak Samaj Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj. It advocated for the emancipation of widows, untouchables, and members of lower castes as well as against brahminical rule. In Satara in 1919, tenants rose against their Brahman landlords by the anti-religious stance...

Sergeant Plan of Education 1944, Objectives and Recommendations

Sergeant Plan of Education 1944 The Sargent Plan of Education 1944 was one of numerous actions the British did to advance education in India. In 1944, John Sargent was charged with coming up with a comprehensive plan for Indian education....

Munda Rebellion, History, Causes, Impact and Significance

The Munda Rebellion, also known as the Ulgulan (The Great Rebellion), was a significant uprising led by Birsa Munda against British colonial rule and feudal exploitation in the late 19th century. This movement, which began in 1899-1900, primarily took place...

Birsa Munda: The Architect of Tribal Resilience, His Life and Legacy

Birsa Munda, one of India’s greatest freedom fighters and tribal leaders, stands as a symbol of resilience, determination, and sacrifice. Revered as “Bhagwan Birsa” by his followers, he played a pivotal role in the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) against the British...

Civil Disobedience Movement, Causes, Impacts and Limitations

The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934) was a defining phase of India's struggle for independence, spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi. It began with the historic Dandi March, also known as the Salt March, and employed nonviolent resistance to challenge British colonial rule....

Tripartite Struggle, History, Causes, Phases and Outcomes

The Tripartite Struggle (8th–12th century CE) was a prolonged conflict among three major Indian dynasties—the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, and Rashtrakutas—for control over the fertile and strategically significant region of Kannauj in northern India. This struggle had profound impacts on India’s medieval...

Bombay Presidency Association, History, Feature and Leaders

The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885 by influential leaders Pherozshah Mehta, K.T. Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji. Established in response to the Ilbert Bill controversy and the reactionary policies of Governor Lytton, the association marked a significant step in...