GS Paper 2

Contingency Fund of India, Meaning, Corpus and Benefits

Contingency Fund of India The Contingency Fund of India is a reserve for emergency expenses, giving the government financial flexibility to handle unexpected situations. Money is added to the fund as outlined in the Contingency Fund of India Act, 1950. This...

Central Vigilance Commission, Power, Members, Appointment & Function

Central Vigilance Commission The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is India's main agency for preventing corruption in the Central Government. Established in 1964 based on the Santhanam Committee's recommendations, it initially operated as an executive body. It gained statutory status with...

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), Functions, Chairman

About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is an independent body established in 1993 to protect and promote human rights in India. It was created under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, which was...

Central Information Commission, Composition, Power & Function

Central Information Commission The Right to Information Act of 2005 established the Central Information Commission (CIC), an impartial organization. The commission looks into grievances and appeals against government agencies, public sector businesses, financial institutions, and other organizations operating in Union...

Special Marriage Act 1954, Provisions, Procedure, Problems

Marriage is highly valued in Indian society, often seen as a union of families rather than just two individuals. Traditionally, many regions prefer marriages within the same caste or religion, leading to strong social pressures against inter-caste or inter-religious marriages....

25 Most Important Supreme Court Landmark Judgements and Cases

25 Most Important Supreme Court Judgements Every candidate preparing for the forthcoming UPSC CSE exam must read the 25 Most Important Supreme Court Judgements. Our fundamental rights and freedom have been protected by the Supreme Court through its imaginative and...

Civil Society, Introduction, Evolution, Types, Need and Role

Civil Society Civil society is also called the third sector of society, separate from the government and businesses. It includes groups like families and private organizations. Essentially, civil society consists of communities or organizations, such as environmental groups, that work...

Criminalization of Politics, Meaning, Causes, Effects and Consequences

Criminalization of Politics Criminalization of politics occurs when individuals with criminal charges become politicians and are elected to office. This trend threatens democratic principles like fairness in elections, accountability, and the rule of law. Candidates with Criminal Records: In the...

Representation of the People Act of 1950, Provision & Significance

Representation of People Act, 1950 Free and fair elections are essential for democracy. To ensure this, the Constitution includes Part XV (Articles 324-329), which empowers Parliament to create laws for the electoral process. The Election Commission of India (ECI) is...

Martial Law, Meaning, Rules and Declaration

What is Martial Law? Martial Law is when ordinary laws are suspended, and a country is governed by military courts. In India, Article 34 of the Constitution addresses martial law. The idea of martial law comes from English common law....