GS Paper 1

Types of Winds, Planetary, Trade, Periodic, Westerlies & Diagrams

Types of Winds The Earth's surface heats unevenly because land warms up faster than water. This causes the air above the hot land to rise, creating a low-pressure area. Cold air from high-pressure areas then moves in to fill the...

Atmospheric Circulation, Definition, Factors, Three Model Cells

Atmospheric Circulation Solar radiation reaches the Earth and passes through the atmosphere, where it is absorbed or reflected. Most of this heat is absorbed by the Earth's surface warming the land and water. A small amount of heat from the...

Physical Weathering Definition, Types, Process, Examples & Diagram

Physical Weathering Physical or mechanical weathering is when rocks break into smaller pieces without changing their chemical makeup. This happens through processes like freezing and thawing, salt buildup, and heat causing cracks. The forces that break the rocks can come...

Biological Weathering Definition, Examples, Types, Causes, Agents

Biological Weathering Biological weathering is caused by living organisms. This type of weathering shows both physical and Chemical Weathering. For example, plant roots penetrate cracks in the rock and slowly break the rock mechanically. The plant roots secrete certain chemicals...

Chemical Weathering Process, Examples, Types & Diagram

Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering breaks down rocks through reactions between minerals and the environment. Here are some examples: Water: Water is the main cause of chemical weathering. It reacts with minerals like feldspar to form clay. Acids: Water contains weak...

Ocean Currents, Map, Meaning, Types, Causes, Effects, Diagram

Ocean Currents Ocean currents are the continuous movement of seawater caused by gravity, wind, and water density. Water moves in two ways: Horizontally: Horizontal movements are called currents, Vertically: Vertical changes are called upwellings or downwellings. These currents help transfer...

Ocean Tides, Causes, Classification, Significance & Diagram

Ocean Tides Ocean Tides: Seawater is not stationary but rises and falls twice a day at constant intervals. This periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day is called a tide. Twice a day about...

Milky Way Galaxy from Earth, Shape, Types, Map, Black Hole

Milky Way Galaxy Milky Way Galaxy:  The Milky Way Galaxy, where we live is a barred spiral galaxy with at least 100 billion stars. It is about 100,000 light years wide and 1000 light years thick, with a central bulge...

Big Bang Theory, Definition, Evidences, Expansion, Missions

Big Bang Theory The Big Bang is the most popular idea about how the universe started, about 13.8 billion years ago. It began as a tiny super-dense point called a “singularity.” This point suddenly expanded and exploded making the universe...

Origin of the Universe, History, Evolution, Theories, Facts

Origin of the Universe The universe contains all of the matter and energy that exists in our environment. The universe contains millions of galaxies. Each galaxy has millions of stars and there are stars with several planets revolving around it....