GS Paper 1

Components of Environment, Biotic and Aibotic Components

The environment is the natural world that includes all living and non-living elements interacting in a complex web of relationships. These elements can be broadly classified into two categories: biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. A comprehensive understanding of the...

Types of Rainfall, Convectional, Orographic and Frontal

Rainfall is a crucial natural phenomenon that significantly impacts weather patterns, ecosystems, and human activities across the globe. Understanding the different types of rainfall and their distribution is essential for geography enthusiasts and civil services aspirants, especially those preparing for...

Civil Disobedience Movement, Causes, Impacts and Limitations

The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934) was a defining phase of India's struggle for independence, spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi. It began with the historic Dandi March, also known as the Salt March, and employed nonviolent resistance to challenge British colonial rule....

Tripartite Struggle, History, Causes, Phases and Outcomes

The Tripartite Struggle (8th–12th century CE) was a prolonged conflict among three major Indian dynasties—the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, and Rashtrakutas—for control over the fertile and strategically significant region of Kannauj in northern India. This struggle had profound impacts on India’s medieval...

Coniferous Forest Biome, Characteristics, Location, Climate

The Coniferous Forest Biome, often called the "taiga" or "boreal forest," is one of the most extensive terrestrial biomes on Earth, spanning vast regions across North America, Europe, and Asia. Known for its evergreen trees and cold climate, this biome...

Bombay Presidency Association, History, Feature and Leaders

The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885 by influential leaders Pherozshah Mehta, K.T. Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji. Established in response to the Ilbert Bill controversy and the reactionary policies of Governor Lytton, the association marked a significant step in...

Diversity of India, Types, Constitutional Provisions, Associated Challenges

India is renowned for its rich diversity, encompassing a vast array of cultural, linguistic, religious, and social variations. This diversity enhances the lives of its citizens and forms an integral part of Indian society. For UPSC aspirants, understanding this diversity...

Union Territories of India with Capital and History

Union territories are areas directly controlled and administered by the Central Government of India, also known as "centrally administered territories." The Andaman and Nicobar Islands were India's first union territory after independence. On 31 October 2019, Ladakh was carved out...

Climate of India, Types, Zones, Map, Factors Affecting Climate of India

Climate of India India has a "monsoon" climate, common in South and Southeast Asia. The term "monsoon" comes from the Arabic word "mausim," meaning seasons. Arab sailors used it to describe seasonal wind patterns along the Indian Ocean, where winds...

Heat Budget of Earth, Meaning, Diagram, Significance

Heat Budget of Earth The Earth's heat budget is a way to balance heat, where incoming heat from the sun (Insolation or terrestrial radiation) is absorbed and outgoing heat escapes as radiation. The sun does not heat the Earth evenly...