GS Paper 1

Mughal Empire List (1526 -1857), Timeline Order with Years

The Mughal Empire, one of the most influential and enduring empires in Indian history, spanned over three centuries. It significantly shaped the subcontinent's politics, culture, and architecture. This article provides a comprehensive timeline of key events and rulers of the...

Civil Disobedience Movement, Causes, Impacts and Limitations

The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934) was a defining phase of India's struggle for independence, spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi. It began with the historic Dandi March, also known as the Salt March, and employed nonviolent resistance to challenge British colonial rule....

Tripartite Struggle, History, Causes, Phases and Outcomes

The Tripartite Struggle (8th–12th century CE) was a prolonged conflict among three major Indian dynasties—the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, and Rashtrakutas—for control over the fertile and strategically significant region of Kannauj in northern India. This struggle had profound impacts on India’s medieval...

Coniferous Forest Biome, Characteristics, Location, Climate

The Coniferous Forest Biome, often called the "taiga" or "boreal forest," is one of the most extensive terrestrial biomes on Earth, spanning vast regions across North America, Europe, and Asia. Known for its evergreen trees and cold climate, this biome...

Bombay Presidency Association, History, Feature and Leaders

The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885 by influential leaders Pherozshah Mehta, K.T. Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji. Established in response to the Ilbert Bill controversy and the reactionary policies of Governor Lytton, the association marked a significant step in...

Diversity of India, Types, Constitutional Provisions, Associated Challenges

India is renowned for its rich diversity, encompassing a vast array of cultural, linguistic, religious, and social variations. This diversity enhances the lives of its citizens and forms an integral part of Indian society. For UPSC aspirants, understanding this diversity...

Union Territories of India with Capital and History

Union territories are areas directly controlled and administered by the Central Government of India, also known as "centrally administered territories." The Andaman and Nicobar Islands were India's first union territory after independence. On 31 October 2019, Ladakh was carved out...

Climate of India, Types, Zones, Map, Factors Affecting Climate of India

Climate of India India has a "monsoon" climate, common in South and Southeast Asia. The term "monsoon" comes from the Arabic word "mausim," meaning seasons. Arab sailors used it to describe seasonal wind patterns along the Indian Ocean, where winds...

Heat Budget of Earth, Meaning, Diagram, Significance

Heat Budget of Earth The Earth's heat budget is a way to balance heat, where incoming heat from the sun (Insolation or terrestrial radiation) is absorbed and outgoing heat escapes as radiation. The sun does not heat the Earth evenly...

Aluminium Ore, Bauxite Mining, Uses, Properties, Distribution Map

In 2023, India is the fifth-largest producer of bauxite in the world, with a 0.67% increase in output compared to 2022. From 2018 to 2022, production grew at an average rate of 0.15%, and it is expected to rise by...