GS Paper 1

Lee Commission, History, Features and Recommendations

Lee Commission The Lee Commission was created in 1923 under the chairmanship of Lord Lee, with an equal number of Indian and British members, with the intention of examining the racial makeup of the superior civil service of the Indian...

Battle of Buxar, Causes, Date, Impact and Significance

Battle of Buxar The Battle of Buxar was one of the pivotal conflicts in India's history and its lengthy alliance with British Colonial forces. British hegemony over the local kingdoms in the Indian subcontinent was successfully established during the Battle...

Important Mountain Passes In India, Map, State wise List 2023

Important Mountain Passes in India Important Mountain Passes in India: Throughout history, passes have played an important role in trade, war, and both human and animal migration. Let's take a look at some of India's most important passes. Every mountain...

Two Nation Theory, History, Features and Impacts

Two Nation Theory Following its independence from the British Empire, the Indian subcontinent was heavily affected by the two-nation theory, a religious nationalism ideology. On June 3rd, 1947, the proposal to divide British India into two nations was made public....

Mountbatten Plan, History, Provision, Feature, Clauses and Advantages

Mountbatten Plan The last viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten, put forth a proposal in June 1947 under which provinces would be proclaimed independent successor states with the option to join or not to join the constituent assembly. The freedom-with-partition formula...

Direct Action Day, History, Events Associated, Riot and Outcomes

Direct Action Day The "Great Calcutta Massacre" was scheduled for August 16, 1946, the Direct Action Day. This day marked the beginning of the "Week of Long Knives," during which 6,000 Hindus and Muslims were shot, slashed, and otherwise brutalised....

Interim Government, History, Formation and Members

Interim Government It was the only cabinet of its kind in India's history where the Muslim League and the Congress shared authority at the national level. The interim administration had a large deal of autonomy and held onto power until...

Cabinet Mission, History, Objective, Proposal, Significance and Failure

Cabinet Mission The Atlee administration dispatched a powerful delegation to India in February 1946 called the Cabinet Mission. Pethick Lawrence, the Secretary of State for India, Stafford Cripps, the President of the Board of Trade, and A.V. Alexander, the First...

Desai-Liaquat Pact, History, British Objections & Aftermath

Desai-Liaquat Pact Read all about Desai-Liaquat Pact in this article. M.K. Gandhi was convinced that the British monarchs would not award India its independence until the Congress and Muslim League reached an agreement regarding the nation's future or the prompt...

C.R Formula, History, Proposal, Significance & Failure of Rajaji Formula

C.R. Formula To resolve the political impasse between the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League, C. Rajagopalachari, an INC member, suggested the Rajagopalachari Formula, also known as the Rajaji Formula. Rajaji or C.R., or Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, was...