geography

Extreme Temperature Surge at the North Pole

Context: Recently temperatures at the North Pole rose more than 20°C above average. The northern Svalbard region (Norway) recorded temperatures 18°C above the 1991–2020 average. Why Did the North Pole Experience Such High Temperatures? Low-Pressure System Over Iceland A deep...

India’s Just Mineral Framework

Context: India has made significant strides in its transition to clean energy over the past decade, as reflected in budgetary allocations and policy initiatives. However, challenges such as underutilization of funds, dependence on fossil fuels, and supply chain disruptions continue...

Mission for Extra-Long Staple (ELS) Cotton Promotion

Context: The Union Finance Minister has announced a five-year mission in the Union Budget to improve productivity, sustainability, and quality in cotton farming, with a focus on ELS cotton varieties. About Extra-Long Staple (ELS) Cotton It is a cotton variety...

Kurdistan Region in Iraq and Key Cities

Context: Recently, India has sent humanitarian assistance to support residents of the Kurdistan region in Iraq. About Kurdistan Region Kurdistan region is a geo-cultural area spanning across parts of Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria, where the Kurdish people live. Kurds...

Greenland’s Crystal Blue Lakes Turned Brown

Context: According to a recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences over 7,500 lakes in western Greenland have turned brown. What Triggered This Transformation? - Unusual Weather Patterns in 2022 Greenland typically receives snowfall from...

Indus Waters Treaty, Neutral Expert’s Decision and Its Implications

Context: The recent decision by the Neutral Expert appointed by the World Bank under the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) has significant implications for the ongoing water-sharing disputes between India and Pakistan. India has escalated its demands to renegotiate the Indus...

Cabinet Announced 6% Hike in Jute MSP to Revive Production

Context: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has fixed the minimum support price (MSP) of raw jute for the 2025-26 marketing season at ₹5,650 a quintal, an increase of ₹315 from last year. About Jute and its Production Jute...

Yala Glacier in Himalayas Projected to Vanish by 2040s

Context: Yala Glacier in Nepal is predicted to disappear by the 2040s due to rapid retreat and mass loss. About Yala Glacier Retreat Location: Langtang Valley, central Nepal. It is one of the most studied glaciers in Nepal and represents...

Russia Ships Reactor Vessel to Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP)

Context: The VVER 1,000-MWe reactor vessel for the sixth unit of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project was recently shipped by Russia. About Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP) Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP) is the largest nuclear power station in India,...

List of Major Earthquakes in Japan, Magnitude, History and its Impact

On January 13, 2025, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck southwestern Japan, with its epicentre in the Hyuga-Nada Sea near Miyazaki Prefecture. The quake occurred at 9:19 p.m. local time. It prompted the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) to issue a tsunami...