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President Rule in Manipur, Constitutional Provisions and its Effects

Context: President Rule is imposed in Manipur for the 11th time. President Droupadi Murmu issued a proclamation under Article 356 of the Constitution after receiving a report from Governor Ajay Kumar Bhalla.

About President Rule in Manipur

Constitutional Provisions regarding President Rule

  • Article 355: Duty of the Centre to ensure that the government of every state is carried on in accordance with theprovisions of the Constitution’.
  • Article 356: The President can issue a proclamation that the government of a state cannot be carried in accordance with the ‘provisions of the constitution’.  (can act with or without a Governor’s report).
  • Article 365: Failure of state government to comply with the directions of the Centre → President can hold that State government cannot be carried in accordance with the ‘provisions of the constitution’ → President’s Rule
  • Approval: Must be approved by both houses of Parliament within two months with a simple majority.
  • Duration: After approval by both houses’ the emergency continues for six months.
    • It can be extended for a maximum period of three years (Parliament approval every 6 months).
  • Revocation: President proclamation (No Parliamentary approval is needed).

Effects of President Rule

  • The President is empowered to administer the state under the President’s rule as it dismisses the State Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister.
  • The President can transfer the State Legislature’s powers to
  • It does not impact the functioning of the High Court.
  • The President can only dissolve a state legislative assembly after Parliament’s approval of the proclamation, and until then, the assembly remains suspended. (SC in SR Bommai Case)

Facts

  • Article 356 was used for the first time while imposing the President’s rule in Punjab in 1951.
  • Laws made by Parliament, the President or any other specified authority continue to be operative even after the end of the President’s Rule.  i.e., Laws are not coterminous with the duration of the President’s Rule
    • However such laws can be altered or repealed by the state legislature.
  • Manipur has undergone the maximum number of President rule – 11 (Including the latest).

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