Revised Nuclear Doctrine of Russia

Key Provisions of the Revised Doctrine

Response to Conventional Attacks with Nuclear Support
- A conventional attack on Russia by any nation, if supported by a nuclear power, will be treated as a joint attack on Russia.
Russia reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in the following scenarios
- In response to a nuclear strike.
- If a conventional attack poses a critical threat to Russia’s sovereignty or territorial integrity or that of its ally, Belarus.
- A massive aerial attack involving ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, drones or other flying systems could also justify a nuclear response.
Aggression from Military Alliances
- An attack on Russia by a member of a military alliance (e.g., NATO) will be interpreted as an attack by the entire alliance.
Uncertainty in Application
- The doctrine intentionally leaves the scale, timing and location of potential nuclear responses ambiguous to maintain strategic deterrence.

India’s Nuclear Doctrine

It is a set of principles and views that guide how India will use its nuclear weapons. It was established in
Key Features:
- India will not use nuclear weapons unless it is first attacked by nuclear means.
- India will maintain a sufficient nuclear capability to deter adversaries without engaging in an arms race.
- India will strictly control the export of nuclear and missile-related materials and technologies.
- India will continue to support global efforts to create a nuclear-free world.
- The Nuclear Command Authority (NCA) will authorise nuclear retaliatory attacks. NCA is made up of two councils:
  - Political Council: Chaired by the Prime Minister (only body that can authorise the use of nuclear weapons).
  - Executive Council: Chaired by the National Security Advisor, it advises NCA and carries out orders from the Political Council.