Link Between Fluoride Levels and IQ Loss

Context: A recent study conducted by researchers from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA has linked higher fluoride exposure to lower IQ in children.

Key Findings of the Study

• Impact of Fluoride on IQ: For every 1 mg/L increase in urinary fluoride, children’s IQ drops by 63 points.
• Study also suggests even exposure below the WHO limit of 1.5 mg/L might affect IQ.

About Fluoride

• Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral found in soil, water, plants and rocks.
• Chemical Nature: It is the ionic form of fluorine, a highly reactive element.
• Sources:
  • Natural: Groundwater and volcanic emissions.
  • Artificial: Added to water supplies, dental products like toothpaste and some pharmaceuticals.

Uses of Fluoride

• Dental Health: Strengthens Tooth Enamel & reduces cavities.
• Industrial Applications: Used in the manufacturing of aluminium, pesticide, and refrigerants.
• Public Health: Added to drinking water to reduce dental decay, known as water fluoridation.

Health Concerns

• Fluorosis:
  • Dental Fluorosis: Overexposure to fluoride during childhood can lead to white spots or streaks on teeth.
  • Skeletal Fluorosis: Prolonged high fluoride intake can cause joint pain, stiffness and damage to bones.
• Neurotoxicity: Studies suggest high levels of fluoride exposure may impair cognitive development in children.
• Thyroid Function: Excess fluoride may interfere with iodine absorption, affecting thyroid function.

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