Kodaikanal Solar Observatory – 125 Years of Solar Physics Research in India

The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO), located in Tamil Nadu, India, is one of the oldest solar observatories in the world, established in 1901. Managed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), it has been pivotal in advancing solar research and astronomy in India.

Kodaikanal Solar Observatory

• The conference on ‘Sun, Space Weather and Solar-Stellar Connections’ was organised by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory.
• It was established in 1899 and is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.
• It is located in Kodaikanal, Palani hills (Tamil Nadu).
• It was set up to obtain more data on how the sun heats up Earth’s atmosphere and to understand monsoon patterns.

Key Highlights of Observatory

Solar Observations

• KSO specializes in studying the Sun, focusing on solar activity, sunspots, and prominences.
• It maintains one of the longest and most detailed archives of solar data, crucial for understanding long-term solar behaviour.

Facilities

• Equipped with high-resolution telescopes and modern instruments for solar imaging and spectroscopy.
• Houses a library of historic and scientific records, including photographic plates and data spanning over a century.

Research Contributions

• Played a significant role in studying solar cycles and their impact on Earth’s climate.
• Contributed to advancements in astrophysics and understanding heliophysical phenomena.

Public Engagement

• Offers guided tours and outreach programs to promote interest in astronomy and space science.

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