UPSC Mains GS Paper 4 Questions Number 2(a) Solution

“It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it.” In the present context, the major weapon industries of the developed nations are adversely influencing continuation of number of wars for their own self-interest, all around the world. What are the ethical considerations of the powerful nations in today’s international arena to stop continuation of ongoing conflicts?

Introduction

The quote highlights the importance of not only expressing the desire for peace but also taking concrete actions to achieve it.

Ethical considerations for powerful nations

• Humanitarian responsibility: Powerful nations have a moral obligation to protect innocent civilians caught in conflicts. This involves avoiding indiscriminate bombing, and prioritizing diplomatic solutions.

1. 1. • Eg. Switzerland recently hosted Summit on Peace in Ukraine.

• Conflict of interest (self interest vs global good):  The US arms industry’s ties to conflicts in the Middle East reflect a conflict of interest. For example, Lockheed Martin and other defence manufacturers benefit from massive arms deals with countries involved in regional wars.

1. 1. • Powerful nations should take steps to reduce arms trade to conflict-prone regions by stricter export control.

• Resolution efforts: Powerful nations should provide financial and logistical support to international peacekeeping missions.

1. 1. • Eg. India has been one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions, which aim to stop conflicts and stabilize post-war situations.

• Accountability and transparency: Lack of transparency in arms deals demonstrates an ethical failing as profit motives override the ethical considerations 

• Addressing the root causes of conflict: Providing development assistance, promoting good governance and supporting human rights to create more stable societies and reducing the likelihood of conflict.

1. • Eg. India has supported Afghan-led, Afghan-owned and Afghan-controlled peace process and implemented various development projects there. 

Conclusion

Thus, there is a need to balance the economic and strategic interests of powerful nations with their moral duty to promote peace and work toward a more stable and just international order.  India’s efforts to prevent conflicts through non-alignment, peacekeeping and promoting dialogue can serve as a guiding light to the other nations. 

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