India-Pakistan Meet On Sidelines Of SCO Summit 2024

Explore the key takeaways from the India-Pakistan meeting on the sidelines of the SCO summit, where leaders discussed regional security, economic cooperation, and diplomatic relations amid ongoing tensions.

Table of Contents

Context

The recent visit of Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar to Islamabad (Pakistan) for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit was marked by warmth and courtesy from Pakistani officials.
This has sparked discussions about a potential thaw in India-Pakistan relations.

In UNGA 2024

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s speech maintained traditional anti-India sentiments, focusing on Kashmir and historical grievances.

Background of India-Pakistan Relations

India-Pakistan relations have been historically adversarial, marked by conflicts over Kashmir, wars in 1947, 1965, and 1971, and terrorism-related tensions.
The Simla Agreement of 1972 aimed to establish a framework for peaceful resolution but was undermined by ongoing disputes, particularly regarding Kashmir.
The nuclear tests conducted by both countries in 1998 escalated tensions
The early 2000s saw increased tensions following terrorist attacks attributed to Pakistan-based groups, including the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament and the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
These incidents led to heightened military standoffs and a complete breakdown of dialogue.
In recent times, internal pressures in Pakistan – political and economic crises – may be prompting a reassessment of foreign policy towards India.
This fosters potential avenues for improved relations.

Recommendations for India

India’s Pakistan policy has been shaped by realism, now India should consider a more balanced approach by incorporating liberal and constructivist perspectives while not compromising on security concerns.

Important Terms

Realists (referred to as “Subedars”): Focused on national security and a hardline stance,
Liberal institutionalists (Saudagars): Emphasise trade, economic ties, and people-to-people connections as ways to foster peace.
Constructivists (Sufis): Stress the importance of dialogue, cultural exchanges, and reconciliation by addressing historical grievances and building trust.

Small, incremental steps such as trade agreements, cultural exchanges, and confidence-building measures could pave the way for improved relations and a more conducive atmosphere for change in Pakistan.

Related UPSC PYQ

Q. Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India – Pakistan relation. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and culture exchange could help generate goodwill between the two countries. Discuss with suitable examples. – 2015