Delay in Implementation of Dam Safety Act 2021

Context: The Supreme Court criticized the Union government for its delay in implementing the Dam Safety Act, 2021.

Key Concerns Raised by the Supreme Court

• Delay in Implementation: The Act mandates the National Committee on Dam Safety creation within 60 days of its commencement. The committee, which must be reconstituted every three years, has not yet been formed.
• Mullaperiyar Dam: Structures like Mullaperiyar Dam, which was built in 1895 using limestone and surkhi, are vulnerable to structural failures, which is a great cause of concern.

Key Features of Dam Safety Act, 2021

• It was passed by Parliament to ensure the safety and operation of dams in India and prevent disasters caused by dam failures.
• National Dam Safety Committee (NDSC):
  • Role: To help evolve uniform dam safety policies, protocols and procedures.
• National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA): Established under the Act to regulate dam safety across India.
  • Headed by: Chairman of Central Water Commission (CWC)

Functions

• Implement dam safety policies.
• Resolve disputes between States.
• Ensure compliance with safety protocols.

State Institutions

• State Committee on Dam Safety: Oversee safety measures for dams located within the respective State.
• State Dam Safety Organization (SDSO): Inspect dams, review their safety and monitor compliance with regulations.

Regulatory Provisions

• Obligations of Dam Owners: Conduct periodic safety inspections and Maintain records and update emergency action plans.
• Periodic Inspections: Mandatory inspection of dams at regular intervals by qualified engineers.
• Emergency Action Plan (EAP): Dam owners must prepare and implement EAPs to address risks and ensure public safety.

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