Daily Quiz 7th June 2024

Why in News:
● ISRO’s commercial arm, New Space India Limited (NSIL), invited applications from private firms for “end-to-end” manufacturing of Launch Vehicle Mark-III or LVM3. ISRO’s plan is to have a 14-year collaboration with the selected private entity. The first two years would be the “development phase” for transfer of technology and know-how and then, over the next 12 years, it is envisaged that the private partner would be able to build four to six LMV3 rockets each year.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: LVM3 (GSLV Mk III) is a three-stage heavy lift (not a four-stage) launch vehicle developed by ISRO. First stage uses solid fuel, the second stage liquid fuel and the third stage cryogenic technology with the use of liquid hydrogen and oxygen. It is India’s heaviest rocket and was used in the Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 lunar missions.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The GSLV is designed mainly to deliver communication satellites to the highly elliptical Geosynchronous TransferOrbit (GTO) whereas PSLVs launch satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring
• Statement 3 is incorrect: LVM3 has the capacity to launch a 4 tonne (4000 kg) class satellite to GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit) in a cost effective manner. 8 tonne in the LEO(Low Earth Orbit).

Why in News: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched one of the two climate satellites, which would study heat emissions at Earth’s poles.

Explanation:
• Statement 2 is correct: PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment)- Under this mission NASA) will launch two climate satellites, which would study heat emissions at Earth’s poles. The two shoebox-sized cube satellites, or CubeSats, will measure how much heat the Arctic and Antarctica — two of the coldest regions on the Earth — radiate into space and how this influences the planet’s climate.
• PREFIRE mission’s two CubeSats can study far-infrared radiation from the Earth’s pole and the data collected by them would help scientists better understand the energy budget of the planet.

◦ CubeSats are essentially miniature satellites whose basic design is a 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm
(just a little bigger than a Rubik’s cube)and weight not more than 1.33 kg.

Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: Fire Service is a State subject and has been included as a Municipal function in the XII Schedule of the Constitution of India under Article 243 (W). It is the primary responsibility of the State Governments to allocate resources for strengthening and equipping Fire Services as per requirements and to take various steps required for safety of life and property of the citizens in the area of their jurisdiction from fire hazards. Insofar as Central Government is concerned, for the period from 2021-22 to 2025-26, as recommended by XV-FC under National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF), allocation of Rs. 5,000 crore have been earmarked for strengthening fire services at the State level.
• Statement 2 is correct: India’s National Building Code (NBC) is the primary standard for fire safety in the country. First published by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in 1970 and last revised in 2016, the NBC offers comprehensive guidelines on construction requirements, building maintenance, and fire safety measures.
• Statement 3 is correct: The NBC outlines the boundaries and limitations for building constructions in designated fire zones. In Fire Zone 1, residential areas, schools, and institutional buildings are classified to ensure they are separated from industrial and hazardous structures, such as factories, warehouses, data centers, and power and repair facilities.

Explanation
• The doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD), states that when two adversaries possess nuclear weapons, neither of them is likely to use them. This is because both sides are likely to suffer severe losses from a nuclear attack, irrespective of who attacks first. The MAD doctrine is considered an application of the Nash equilibrium, wherein the threat of a strong retaliatory attack prevents both sides from initiating a conflict. The result is lasting prevention of a nuclear attack. The doctrine has been criticised for assuming that the victim of the first attack will possess sufficient capabilities after the attack to retaliate strongly.

Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct but 2 is incorrect: A nationally protected monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the temple is believed to have its origins in the 7th century. It was re-built by, Lakkan Dandesha, a nayaka under the ruler Deva Raya II. The temple is devoted to Lord Shiva, who is worshipped here as Virupaksha or Pampa pathi, the divine consort of the local deity Pampadevi, linked with the Tungabhadra River. The temple was a centre for religious and cultural activities during the Vijayanagara Empire, serving not only as a spiritual hub but also a commercial centre where traders and devotees congregated.
• Statement 3 is correct: It is a prime example of Dravidian architecture, featuring grand gopurams (gateways), a shikhara above the sanctum sanctorum, intricate carvings, and sculptures depicting deities and mythological scenes.
• Statement 4 is correct: The Virupaksha Temple complex is quite extensive and includes several key features:
◦ Large Courtyard: The temple has a spacious courtyard where various religious and cultural activities take place.
◦ Sacred Tank: The temple complex includes a sacred water tank, which is a common feature in South Indian temples and is used for ritual purification.
◦ Ranga Mandapa: The hall with intricately carved pillars, known as the Ranga Mandapa, is an architectural highlight of the temple. This hall is used for various rituals and ceremonies and showcases the exquisite craftsmanship of the period.