Daily Quiz 31st May 2024

Explanation:
The first evidence of rock art in Mangaluru city has been found near Boloor Panne Koteda Babbu Swamy shrine. The rock art is in the form of a pair of human footprints, found on a natural stone boulder near the shrine. These footprints might have been created in the first or second century A.D.

• Statements 1 and 3 are correct while statement 2 is incorrect: Rock arts are archaic, man-made markings, paintings, or sculptures produced on natural stone. Rock art includes pictographs (drawings or paintings), petroglyphs (carvings or inscriptions), engravings (incised motifs), petroforms (rocks laid out in patterns), and geoglyphs (ground drawings). Petroglyphs are rock carvings (rock paintings are called pictographs) made by pecking directly on the rock surface using a stone chisel and a hammerstone. Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics, are human-made shapes and patterns made by lining up large rocks on the open ground, often on quite level areas. A geoglyph is a work of art which is created by arranging or moving objects within a landscape. A geoglyph is a large design or motif (generally longer than 4 metres) produced on the ground and typically formed by clastic rocks or similarly durable elements of the landscape, such as stones, stone fragments, live trees, gravel, or earth. The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert in southern Peru.

Explanation: Two Opposition leaders were required to modify their speeches aired on Doordarshan and All India Radio (AIR) during the run-up to the ongoing Lok Sabha elections.
• Statements 1 is incorrect and 2 is correct: Election Commission of India (ECI) under Article 324 is an independent and impartial functioning body. Recognized political parties have been allowed to use state-owned television and radio since the 1998 Lok Sabha elections. ECI determines the amount of broadcast time allotted to each national and state party. Parties must submit transcripts of speeches 3-4 days before recording for approval by AIR and Doordarshan authorities. ECI Guidelines prohibit criticism of other countries, attacks on religions or communities, obscene or defamatory content, incitement of violence, contempt of court, aspersions against the President and judiciary, anything affecting national unity, sovereignty, and integrity, and personal attacks by name.

Explanation: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that a cyclone is likely to develop in the Bay of Bengal, moving towards West Bengal and Bangladesh.
• Option (b) is correct: Tropical storms are intense circular storms that originate over warm tropical oceans in tropical areas and move over to the coastal areas bringing about large-scale destruction caused by violent winds, very heavy rainfall and storm surges. They are characterized by low atmospheric pressure. A characteristic feature of tropical cyclones is the eye, a central region of clear skies, warm temperatures, and low atmospheric pressure. The conditions favourable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms are:
o Large sea surface with a temperature higher than 27° C.
o Presence of the Coriolis force. The Coriolis effect causes the air to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, leading to the anticlockwise and clockwise circulation around the low-pressure centre, respectively.
o Small variations in the vertical wind speed.
o A pre-existing weak low-pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation.
o Upper divergence above the sea level system.

Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: Combining the resources of all three services (the Army, Navy, and Air Force) under a single commander to secure a particular geographic area is known as integrated theatre commands. It aims to boost overall fighting capabilities and will also create capacities along with seamless command centres to meet future challenges. Military assets will be fused into one single command under one operational head who will be responsible for directing and controlling their activities. Major military powers like the US and China, operate via theatre commands as it is seen to be a better means of pooling resources, providing coordinated logistics planning and improving efficiency.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: At present, there are two joint services commands in India, the first one is Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC) and the second, being Strategic Forces Command (SFC). ANC is the only tri-service theatre command of the Indian Armed Forces, based at Port Blair. It was created in 2001 to safeguard India’s strategic interests in Southeast Asia and the Strait of Malacca by increasing rapid deployment of military assets in the region. The Strategic Forces Command (SFC), sometimes called Strategic Nuclear Command, forms part of India’s Nuclear Command Authority (NCA). It is responsible for the management and administration of the country’s tactical and strategic nuclear weapons stockpile.

Explanation:
• Statement I is correct: As per Article 355, it shall be the duty of the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
• Statement 2 is correct: Preventive detention is detaining a person in order to prevent a situation of crime that a person can possibly commit. In other words, preventive detention is an administrative action on the grounds of the suspicion that some wrong actions may be done by the person concerned which will be prejudicial to the state. The Constitution of India gives the Parliament the authority to enact rules governing preventive detention where they are necessary for national security, foreign policy, or defence. Parliament has sole authority over legislation.