Daily Quiz 3 October 2023

Explanation:

• Option (3) is correct: The R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine developed by the University Of Oxford And The Serum Institute of India has been approved by WHO. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended a new vaccine, R21/Matrix-M, for the prevention of malaria in children. The R21 vaccine is the second malaria vaccine recommended by WHO, following the RTS, S/AS01 vaccine. R21 vaccine leverages Novavax’s adjuvant technology and has met the required safety, quality and effectiveness standards. Adjuvants are substances that enhance the immune system’s response to a vaccine. They are commonly used to improve the effectiveness of a vaccine.

Explanation:

Recently, the oil companies raised the prices of commercial LPG and aviation turbine fuel (ATF).

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) like all fossil fuels, it is a non-renewable source of energy. It is extracted from crude oil and natural gas. LPG is composed hydrocarbons. The main components of LPG are propane and butane. It does not contain methane.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: LPG has high caloric value, that is, it is a good energy source as it provides a high level of heat. LPG is a cleaner energy source than petrol, its carbon dioxide emission rate is 10% lower. LPG is much cheaper than petrol or diesel. LPG has almost no sulphur content, which results in cleaner burning.
• Statement 3 is correct: LPG fuel is used for cooking and heating in place of natural gas. It is also used as propellant in refrigerators. The Union Government had approved 75 lakh new LPG connections under the Prime Minister’s Ujjwala Yojana recently with an aim to provide these connections over the next 3 years at an estimated cost of ₹1,650 crore.

Explanation:

Cytrox’s Predator spyware has been reported to have been used to target the iPhone belonging to a former Egyptian Member of Parliament.

• Statement 1 is correct: Spyware is malicious software designed to enter a device, gather sensitive data, and forward it to a third party without the user’s consent. While spyware is used for commercial purposes like advertising, malicious spyware is used to profit from data stolen from a victim’s device. Israel is the leading exporter of spyware and digital forensics.
• Statement 2 is correct: Tracking Cookie is a piece of text deposited onto a browser while a user is going through a page that gathers information about a person’s website activity, search history, geographical region, purchasing tendencies, etc.
• Statement 3 is correct: Cytrox’s Predator Spyware is developed by a company called Cytrox which is headquartered in Skopje, North Macedonia. It is capable of recording audio, adding CA certificates, and even hiding apps. A certificate authority (CA) is a trusted organization that issues digital certificates for websites and other entities. CAs validates a website domain. It was used by government-backed threat actors in Egypt, Armenia, Greece and Indonesia to spy on political rivals, journalists and critics of their respective government. Attackers can use this spyware to trackone’s online activities across the web and build a profile on them.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Aditya L1 is the first space based Indian mission to study the Its objective is to study Sun’s atmosphere and magnetic field. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)’s Aditya-L1 spacecraft has escaped the sphere of Earth’s influence, and is currently on its way to reach the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1).
• Statement 2 is correct: Key Payloads of the Aditya L1 Spacecrafts are:
  • Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC): to study the dynamics of the solar corona.
  • Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT): to image the Sun in the ultraviolet wavelength range.
  • Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS): to measure the X-ray spectrum of the Sun.
  • High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS): to measure the X-ray spectrum of the Sun in the high-energy range.
  • Plasma Analyzer Package (PAP): to measure the density, temperature, and composition of the Sun’s plasma environment.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Aditya-L1 spacecraft will be placed in the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1). Lagrange points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of two massive orbiting bodies, such as the Sun and Earth, balance each other.

Explanation:

Lagrange points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of two massive orbiting bodies, such as the Sun and Earth, balance each other. This allows a small object, such as a spacecraft, to remain in a relatively stable orbit with minimal fuel consumption, which can be especially important for long-duration missions.

• Pair 1 is correctly matched: Lagrange point 1 (L1) is located between the Sun and Earth, slightly closer to the Sun. It is about 5 million km from the Earth. It is a good location for spacecraft that need to observe the Sun. L1 point is home to the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Satellite (SOHO). SOHO is the collaboration project of NASA and the European Space Agency.
• Pair 2 is correctly matched: Lagrange point 2 (L2) is located behind the Earth, opposite the Sun. It is a good location for spacecraft that need to observe the far side of the Sun. L2 point is home to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). JWST is collaboration among NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
• Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Lagrange point 3 (L3) is located even further behind the Earth, beyond the orbit of the Moon. It is a more difficult location to reach, but it offers a good vantage point for observing the entire Earth-Moon system. It is not at the same distance from the earth as L1.
• Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Lagrange point 4 (L4) is located at the two vertices of an equilateral triangle, with the Sun and Earth at the other two vertices. L4 and L5 are good locations for spacecraft that need to remain in a relatively fixed position relative to the Earth, such as communication satellites. It is not beyond the solar system.