Daily Quiz 27 September 2023

Explanation:

• Option (1) is the correct answer: Cabomba furcuta, also known as red cabomba or forked fanwort, is a submerged perennial aquatic plant that grows in stagnant to slow-flowing freshwater. The plant is native to Central and South America. It requires a large quantity of oxygen for its growth and it chokes water bodies and drainage canals. It is known for its massive flowering, which can produce a pink or purple carpet on the water surface. The pink color due to the presence of anthocyanins in its leaves. The plant can form dense mats that block sunlight and oxygen from reaching native plants and animals. It can also reduce biodiversity and degrade water quality.

Explanation:

Cabomba furcuta, popularly called as Pink Bloom due its massive flowering, has been a new threat to the Kerala’s Vembanad-Kol Wetland.

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The Vembanad-Kol Wetland is the largest brackish humid tropical wetland ecosystem in Kerala. The wetland is fed by 10 rivers, including the Periyar, Pampa, and Meenachil rivers.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Vembanad-Kol was declared as a Ramsar site of international importance in 2002. Ramsar Convention adopted in 1971, is an intergovernmental treaty under UNESCO that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. Currently, there are 75 Ramsar sites in India.
• Statement 3 is correct: The Vembanad-Kol Wetland gets in the way of the Central Asian Flyway, harbors birds like Spot billed Pelican and others. A flyway is a geographical region within which a single or a group of migratory species completes its annual cycle i.e. breeding, moulting, staging and non-breeding. the Central Asian Flyway covers a large area of Eurasia between the Arctic and Indian Oceans.

Explanation:

The Veteran actor Waheeda Rehman will be conferred with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for her contribution to Indian cinema.

• Statement 1 is correct: The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is the highest honour in the Indian film fraternity. It was instituted in 1969 by the Central Government to commemorate Dadasaheb Phalke’s contribution to Indian cinema.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is awarded for “outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian cinema”. The Award consists of a ‘Swarna Kamal’, a cash prize of INR 10 lakh, a certificate, a silk roll, and a shawl.
• Statement 3 is correct: The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and given by the President of India.

Explanation:

The Home Ministry extended the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) in parts of Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh for six months from October 1.

• Statement 1 is correct: The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) of 1958 is an act of the Parliament that grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces to maintain public order in “disturbed areas”. The Act in its original form was promulgated by the British in response to the Quit India movement in 1942.
• Statement 2 is correct: After Independence, the AFSPA was retained, first brought in as an ordinance and then notified as an Act in 1958. The initial aim of the AFSPA was to overcome the Naga movement. Later, extended to other disturbed areas in the country.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: A disturbed area is declared under Section 3 of the AFSPA. An area can be disturbed due to differences or disputes between members of different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities. The Union Government or the Governor of the State or administrator of the Union Territory can declare the whole or part of the State or Union Territory as a disturbed area. The MHA issues periodic “disturbed area” notification to extend the AFSPA only for Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. The notification for Manipur and Assam is issued by the State governments.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The President of India appoints the CJI and the other SC judges. The outgoing CJI recommends his successor. In practice, it has been strictly by seniority ever since the supersession controversy of the 1970s. Whereas, SC judges are recommended by a Collegium consisting of the CJI and 4 senior-most judges of SC. The Collegium recommends the candidate to the Law Minister, who forwards it to the Prime Minister who then advises the President for the final appointment.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Collegium system in India also called “Judges- selecting- Judges”, is an internal mechanism of the judiciary, where the judges are appointed and transferred only by the judges. The system has evolved by means of the judgments of the Supreme Court, and not by an Act of Parliament or by a Constitutional provision.
  • The Supreme Court Collegium is headed by the Chief Justice of India and comprises 4 other senior-most judges of the SC.
  • A High Court collegium is headed by its Chief Justice and 4 other senior-most judges of that court.