Daily Quiz 20 September 2023

Explanation:

• Option (3) is correct but Option (4) is incorrect: The largest producer of crude oil in India is Rajasthan, followed by Assam and Gujarat. India is dependent on imports for about 83% of its crude oil requirement.
• Option (1) is correct: Crude oil is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons – hydrogen and carbon atoms. It exists in liquid form in underground reservoirs in the tiny spaces within sedimentary rocks. Or it can be found near the surface in oil sands.
• Option (2) is correct: Crude oil is formed from the remains of dead organisms (diatoms) such as algae and zooplankton that existed millions of years ago in a marine environment.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The term ‘Global South’ is a geopolitical, not geographical. In fact, the Global South’s two largest countries- China and India lie entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, its usage denotes a mix of political, geopolitical and economic commonalities between nations rather than geographical location of nations.
• Statement 2 is correct: The term “Global South” refers to countries that are often described as ‘developing’, ‘less developed’, or ‘underdeveloped’. It encompasses countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, which are characterised by higher levels of poverty, income inequality, and harsh living conditions compared to the “Global North”. ‘Global North’ refers to the developed countries like the US, Canada, Europe, Russia, Australia and New Zealand.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Brandt Line is a visual representation of the division between the Global North and the Global South based on economic disparities. It was proposed by the German statesman Willy Brandt in the 1980s and later it gained significant attention worldwide.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The Five Eyes (FVEY) Alliance was established after World War II as part of the multilateral UKUSA Agreement. The UKUSA Agreement is an agreement of cooperation signed between the United Kingdom and the United States in 1946.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Five Eyes (FVEY) Alliance comprises intelligence agencies of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. This alliance only includes predominantly English speaking countries and does not include Israel. Surveillance Programmes operated by Five Eyes Alliance are PRISM, Tempora, XKeyscore, STATEROOM, ECHELON, and MUSCULAR.
• Statement 3 is correct: The objective of FVEY is to enhance cooperation in signals intelligence (SIGINT) and share intelligence information among the member countries. Signals intelligence (SIGINT) involves intercepting and deciphering electronic communications, such as phone calls, emails, and other forms of electronic data. The alliance has so far mainly targeted China, Russia and North Korea.

Explanation:

• Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations, popularly known as Mossad, is the national intelligence agency of Israel. It has responsibility for human intelligence collection, covert action, and counterterrorism. Its focus is on Arab nations and organizations throughout the world. Mossad also is responsible for the clandestine movement of Jewish refugees out of Syria, Iran, and Ethiopia. Mossad is headquartered in Tel Aviv.
• Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom. The agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and appropriate dissemination of foreign intelligence. MI6 is also charged with the conduct of espionage activities outside British territory.
• Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: The Federal Intelligence Service or Bundesnachrichtendienst is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Chancellor’s Office. The BND headquarters is located in central Berlin.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 and 3 are correct: It is a statutory, non-constitutional body set up under the provisions of Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993. The formation of NHRC is in conformity with the Paris Principles. The Paris Principles are a set of international standards that define the role, composition, status and functions of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs). They were adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1993 and are considered the cornerstone of the NHRI movement.
• Statement 2 is correct: NHRC comprises of Chairperson, five full-time members and seven deemed members. The Chairperson, should be retired Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court. And the members should be a serving or retired judge of the Supreme Court, a serving or retired chief justice of a high court and three members should have knowledge or practical experience with respect to human rights out of which at least one should be a woman.