Daily Quiz 19 September 2024
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Question 1 of 3
1. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
Statement-I:
In the ‘La Nina year’, rainfall associated with the summer monsoon in Southeast Asia tends to be greater than normal, especially in northwest India.
Statement-II
La-nina occurs when warm water builds up along the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Statement I is correct: The surface of the ocean warms and cools intermittently as it interacts with the strength of the trade winds, which blow from east to west in normal conditions. It’s a bit of a scientific dance between ocean and atmosphere, with the opposite ends of the spectrum known as El Niño (the warm phase) and La Niña (the cold phase). Together, these extreme phases are called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) La Nina refers to the periodic cooling of ocean surface temperatures in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific. During a La Nina event, the changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures affect the patterns of tropical rainfall from Indonesia to the west coast of South America. In the ‘La Nina year’, rainfall associated with the summer monsoon in Southeast Asia tends to be greater than normal, especially in northwest India and Bangladesh.
Statement II is incorrect: When warm water builds up along the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, an El Niño occurs. Conversely, when cool water builds up along the same region, a La Niña occurs with the opposite impact. During Elnino, the warmer waters cause the Pacific jet stream to move south of its neutral position. With this shift, areas in the northern U.S. and Canada are dryer and warmer than usual. El Niño also has a strong effect on marine life off the Pacific coast. During normal conditions, upwelling brings water from the depths to the surface; this water is cold and nutrient rich. During El Niño, upwelling weakens or stops altogether. La Niña has the opposite effect of El Niño. During La Niña events, trade winds are even stronger than usual, pushing more warm water toward Asia. In India, La-nina results in above-average rainfall during the monsoon season which results in flooding and waterlogging in some areas.
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Question 2 of 3
2. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The number of cyclones in the Arabian Sea is double of that over the Bay of Bengal during post-monsoon season.
Statement-II
The Arabian Sea has cooler temperature and much less convective activity during the pre-monsoon season.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Statement I is incorrect: The number of cyclones in the Arabian Sea is thus about half of that over the Bay of Bengal during both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The Bay of Bengal has higher sea surface temperatures than the Arabian Sea, especially during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. During the monsoon season, winds over the Bay of Bengal are conducive to cyclone formation. The Bay of Bengal’s funnel-like shape and shallowness near the coast make it prone to storm surges. Thus, the cooler temperatures, stronger wind shear, and the relatively low convective activity over the Arabian Sea make the Arabian Sea relatively a desert for cyclones.
Statement II is correct: During the monsoon itself, the strong southwesterly winds drive a strong evaporation and mixing of cold subsurface waters with the surface waters. Thus the Arabian Sea becomes significantly cooler during the pre-monsoon season. The main impact of the monsoonal circulation is that the warm ocean, the heat content, and the atmospheric convection favour cyclogenesis over the north Indian Ocean. This leads to cyclones being formed during the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon seasons. However, the Arabian Sea has much less convective activity during the pre-monsoon and is relatively less prone to cyclogenesis. The northeast monsoon and dry continental air ends up cooling the Arabian Sea post-monsoon.
Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Statement I is incorrect: The number of cyclones in the Arabian Sea is thus about half of that over the Bay of Bengal during both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The Bay of Bengal has higher sea surface temperatures than the Arabian Sea, especially during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. During the monsoon season, winds over the Bay of Bengal are conducive to cyclone formation. The Bay of Bengal’s funnel-like shape and shallowness near the coast make it prone to storm surges. Thus, the cooler temperatures, stronger wind shear, and the relatively low convective activity over the Arabian Sea make the Arabian Sea relatively a desert for cyclones.
Statement II is correct: During the monsoon itself, the strong southwesterly winds drive a strong evaporation and mixing of cold subsurface waters with the surface waters. Thus the Arabian Sea becomes significantly cooler during the pre-monsoon season. The main impact of the monsoonal circulation is that the warm ocean, the heat content, and the atmospheric convection favour cyclogenesis over the north Indian Ocean. This leads to cyclones being formed during the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon seasons. However, the Arabian Sea has much less convective activity during the pre-monsoon and is relatively less prone to cyclogenesis. The northeast monsoon and dry continental air ends up cooling the Arabian Sea post-monsoon.
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Question 3 of 3
3. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Organ-on-chip technology provides precise drug testing and disease modelling for more effective and personalised treatments.
Statement-II
Organ-on-chip devices are made of clear, flexible polymers which can mimic functions of living organs, such as breathing motions in the lungs.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Statement I is correct: Recent advancements in organ-on-chip technology provide precise drug testing and disease modelling. This will potentially cut costs and reduce reliance on animal testing. OoC devices contain miniature tissues that can replicate tissue-specific functions. Potential applications are Drug development, Disease modelling & Toxicity testing and Development of more effective and personalised treatments for different diseases.
- Statement II is correct: OoC is a microfluidic system that mimics/copies the functions of human organs in a lab setting. It uses Small devices that replicate the functions of human organs in a controlled microenvironment to test drug effects. OoC devices are made of a clear, flexible polymer which allows researchers to see the inner workings of human organs. OoC devices can mimic the physical microenvironment of living organs, such as breathing motions in the lungs and peristalsis in the intestines. OoC devices contain miniature tissues that can replicate tissue-specific functions.
- Thus, Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Statement I is correct: Recent advancements in organ-on-chip technology provide precise drug testing and disease modelling. This will potentially cut costs and reduce reliance on animal testing. OoC devices contain miniature tissues that can replicate tissue-specific functions. Potential applications are Drug development, Disease modelling & Toxicity testing and Development of more effective and personalised treatments for different diseases.
- Statement II is correct: OoC is a microfluidic system that mimics/copies the functions of human organs in a lab setting. It uses Small devices that replicate the functions of human organs in a controlled microenvironment to test drug effects. OoC devices are made of a clear, flexible polymer which allows researchers to see the inner workings of human organs. OoC devices can mimic the physical microenvironment of living organs, such as breathing motions in the lungs and peristalsis in the intestines. OoC devices contain miniature tissues that can replicate tissue-specific functions.
- Thus, Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
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