Daily Quiz 16 October 2024
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following country has more than one-third of the lithium (a soft metal which is a core component of lithium-ion batteries) reserves in the world?
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option (a) is correct: Lithium is a soft, silver-white metal that is used in the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries, which power electric vehicles. The demand for lithium is expected to increase significantly as the demand for electric vehicles grows Chile has the largest lithium reserves in the world, with an estimated 9.3 million metric tons as of 2023. This is more than one-third of the world’s total lithium reserves. Australia has 6.2 million metric tons of lithium reserves, which is 22.4% of the world’s total Argentina has 2.7 million tons of lithium reserves . However, Australia is the world’s largest producer of lithium, with an estimated output of 86,000 metric tons in 2023. Chile and China are the second and third largest producers, respectively, with 44,000 and 33,000 metric tons of lithium production in 2023.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option (a) is correct: Lithium is a soft, silver-white metal that is used in the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries, which power electric vehicles. The demand for lithium is expected to increase significantly as the demand for electric vehicles grows Chile has the largest lithium reserves in the world, with an estimated 9.3 million metric tons as of 2023. This is more than one-third of the world’s total lithium reserves. Australia has 6.2 million metric tons of lithium reserves, which is 22.4% of the world’s total Argentina has 2.7 million tons of lithium reserves . However, Australia is the world’s largest producer of lithium, with an estimated output of 86,000 metric tons in 2023. Chile and China are the second and third largest producers, respectively, with 44,000 and 33,000 metric tons of lithium production in 2023.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with respect to the Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary, or Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary:
- The Wild Ass Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch of the Gujarat State in India.
- It is home to the only wild population of the Indian Wild Ass (Khur).
- It is home to a large population of Dhurwa and Saora tribes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statements 1 and 2 are correct: The Wild Ass Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch of the Gujarat State in India. It covers an area of 4954 km². The Sanctuary is named after a sub species of wild ass (Equus hemionus khur), the last population of which it harbours. The Rann is one of the most remarkable and unique landscapes of its kind in the entire world. It is home to the only wild population of the Indian Wild Ass (Khur). Historically, wild asses were found in North-West India, Pakistan and Central Asia, but presently they are limited only to the Little Rann of Kutch and Great Rann of Kutch. Other Fauna: blue bull, hare, wolf, Indian fox, jackal, hyena, wild boar, desert cat etc.
Statement 3 is incorrect: It is home to a large population of Rabari and Bharwad tribes. The Rabari and Bharwad are two tribal communities in northwest India, primarily in Gujarat, Punjab, and Rajasthan. In 1956, the central government granted ST status to the Rabari, Bharwad, and Charan communities. The Dhurwa tribe is an indigenous group of people in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The Saora are an ancient tribe of India who are primarily found in Odisha, but also live in Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statements 1 and 2 are correct: The Wild Ass Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch of the Gujarat State in India. It covers an area of 4954 km². The Sanctuary is named after a sub species of wild ass (Equus hemionus khur), the last population of which it harbours. The Rann is one of the most remarkable and unique landscapes of its kind in the entire world. It is home to the only wild population of the Indian Wild Ass (Khur). Historically, wild asses were found in North-West India, Pakistan and Central Asia, but presently they are limited only to the Little Rann of Kutch and Great Rann of Kutch. Other Fauna: blue bull, hare, wolf, Indian fox, jackal, hyena, wild boar, desert cat etc.
Statement 3 is incorrect: It is home to a large population of Rabari and Bharwad tribes. The Rabari and Bharwad are two tribal communities in northwest India, primarily in Gujarat, Punjab, and Rajasthan. In 1956, the central government granted ST status to the Rabari, Bharwad, and Charan communities. The Dhurwa tribe is an indigenous group of people in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The Saora are an ancient tribe of India who are primarily found in Odisha, but also live in Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with respect to the Marburg Virus, recently seen in news:
- It is a zoonotic RNA virus that causes Marburg virus disease (MVD).
- Once introduced in the human population, Marburg virus can spread through human-to-human transmission via direct contact.
- The average MVD case fatality rate is around 5%, allowing for its management without any approved vaccines yet.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation: Rwanda is facing its first outbreak of the Marburg virus, a highly lethal pathogen, with at least 46 confirmed cases and 12 fatalities reported so far.
- Statement 1 is correct: Marburg virus is a zoonotic RNA virus that causes Marburg virus disease (MVD). MVD was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany; and in Belgrade, Serbia. These outbreaks were associated with laboratory work using African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) imported from Uganda. Subsequently, outbreaks and sporadic cases have been reported in Angola, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, South Africa (in a person with recent travel history to Zimbabwe), Tanzania and Uganda.
- Statement 2 is correct: Initially, human MVD infection results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus fruit bat colonies. Once introduced in the human population, Marburg virus can spread through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids.
Statement 3 is incorrect: There are currently no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for MVD, but a range of vaccines and drug therapies are under development. The average MVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks. Marburg virus disease (MVD), formerly known as Marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Early supportive care with rehydration, and symptomatic treatment improves survival.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation: Rwanda is facing its first outbreak of the Marburg virus, a highly lethal pathogen, with at least 46 confirmed cases and 12 fatalities reported so far.
- Statement 1 is correct: Marburg virus is a zoonotic RNA virus that causes Marburg virus disease (MVD). MVD was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany; and in Belgrade, Serbia. These outbreaks were associated with laboratory work using African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) imported from Uganda. Subsequently, outbreaks and sporadic cases have been reported in Angola, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, South Africa (in a person with recent travel history to Zimbabwe), Tanzania and Uganda.
- Statement 2 is correct: Initially, human MVD infection results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus fruit bat colonies. Once introduced in the human population, Marburg virus can spread through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids.
Statement 3 is incorrect: There are currently no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for MVD, but a range of vaccines and drug therapies are under development. The average MVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks. Marburg virus disease (MVD), formerly known as Marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Early supportive care with rehydration, and symptomatic treatment improves survival.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
1 pointsThese are short, non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA transcripts. The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2024 was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for its discovery. Which of the following is described above?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Option (b) is correct: The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2024 was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. MicroRNA are small RNA molecules that help regulate gene expression, playing a key role in development and overall biological functioning. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA transcripts. They inhibit the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby controlling protein production, which is crucial for various biological processes.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are both short RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. siRNAs are often exogenous, while miRNAs are endogenously encoded. siRNAs are highly specific and target only one mRNA, while miRNAs have multiple targets
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small, non-coding RNA molecule that acts as a link between messenger RNA (mRNA) and amino acids during protein synthesis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information from the cell’s DNA to the cytoplasm, where proteins are made
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Option (b) is correct: The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2024 was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. MicroRNA are small RNA molecules that help regulate gene expression, playing a key role in development and overall biological functioning. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA transcripts. They inhibit the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby controlling protein production, which is crucial for various biological processes.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are both short RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. siRNAs are often exogenous, while miRNAs are endogenously encoded. siRNAs are highly specific and target only one mRNA, while miRNAs have multiple targets
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small, non-coding RNA molecule that acts as a link between messenger RNA (mRNA) and amino acids during protein synthesis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information from the cell’s DNA to the cytoplasm, where proteins are made
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
1 pointsGlobal Digital Compact(GDC) was adopted by UN members in the recently concluded United Nations Summit of Future 2024. With respect to this, consider the following statements:
- GDC is the first legally binding global diplomatic instrument to harness and regulate digital technologies for the common good.
- It has proposed the creation of digital public goods, which include Open-source software and Open data.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: GDC is an agreement being negotiated by 193 United Nations (UN) member states to establish shared principles for a secure, open, and free digital future. It is a non-binding diplomatic instrument that outlines shared goals for governments, institutions, and stakeholders. It aims to harness and regulate digital technologies for the common good and focusing on their potential benefits while addressing associated challenges. It was adopted during the United Nations’ Summit of the Future 2024 as part of the ‘Pact for the Future’.
- Statement 2 is correct: GDC proposes the creation of digital public goods, which include:
Open-source software, Open data and Open AI models. These goods are seen as essential for driving social change and building a “digital public infrastructure” that meets stakeholder needs. Other Key initiatives under the Global Digital Compact:
- Establishment of an independent International Scientific Panel on AI within the UN to promote scientific understanding.
- A Global Dialogue on AI Governance involving governments.
Developing innovative financing mechanisms and incentives to connect the remaining 2.6 billion people to the Internet.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: GDC is an agreement being negotiated by 193 United Nations (UN) member states to establish shared principles for a secure, open, and free digital future. It is a non-binding diplomatic instrument that outlines shared goals for governments, institutions, and stakeholders. It aims to harness and regulate digital technologies for the common good and focusing on their potential benefits while addressing associated challenges. It was adopted during the United Nations’ Summit of the Future 2024 as part of the ‘Pact for the Future’.
- Statement 2 is correct: GDC proposes the creation of digital public goods, which include:
Open-source software, Open data and Open AI models. These goods are seen as essential for driving social change and building a “digital public infrastructure” that meets stakeholder needs. Other Key initiatives under the Global Digital Compact:
- Establishment of an independent International Scientific Panel on AI within the UN to promote scientific understanding.
- A Global Dialogue on AI Governance involving governments.
Developing innovative financing mechanisms and incentives to connect the remaining 2.6 billion people to the Internet.
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