Daily Quiz 15th June 2024

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: A bond is a fixed income investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate.
  • Bond yield is not simply the interest rate paid on the face value of the bond; rather, it represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bond until maturity, expressed as an annual rate. It takes into account not just the interest payments but also the price paid for the bond.
• Statement 2 is Correct: There is an inverse relationship between bond prices and yields: as bond prices increase, yields fall, and vice versa. This is because the fixed payment from the bond becomes a smaller percentage of the purchase price.
• Rule 1: When interest rates rise, bond prices fall.
• Rule 2: When interest rates fall, bond prices rise.
• Rule 3: Bond prices increase more when interest rates decrease than bond prices decrease when interest rates increase.
• The curve is always steeper to the left than it is to the right reflecting this rule. The curve is steeper for lower interest rates than for higher ones allowing us to draw our next conclusion:
  • Rule 4: Changes in interest rates when they are low will have a more significant impact on the price of the bond than changes when rates are high.
• Rule 5: The longer the investor is locked into a contract, the more dramatic a change in interest rates will be on the price.

Answer: D

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: Green hydrogen is produced by renewable energy through electrolysis of water. Electrolyser technology is central to the green hydrogen production process.
  • Electrolysis involves the splitting of water (H2O) into its constituent elements, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2), using an electric current.
  • Commercially available technologies for green hydrogen production:
    • Alkaline Electrolyzers: Alkaline electrolyzers operate via transport of hydroxide ions (OH-) through the electrolyte from the cathode to the anode with hydrogen being generated on the cathode side.
    • Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysers: In a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyser, the electrolyte is a solid specialty plastic material.
    • Solid Oxide Electrolysers: It uses a solid ceramic material as the electrolyte that selectively conducts negatively charged oxygen ions (O2-) at elevated temperatures (700°–800°C) to generate hydrogen.
  • Statement 2 is Correct: Green hydrogen can be consumed through either direct combustion, electricity generation through fuel cells and industrial processes like ammonia, steel manufacturing and petroleum refinery to be used as chemical feedstock.
  • Statement 3 is Correct: India’s inaugural multi-purpose (combined heat and power) green hydrogen generation plant, with a capacity of 1,500 MW, was launched at the Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (NJHPS) in Jhakri, Himachal Pradesh.

Answer: C

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: Volvo Cars is introducing the world’s first Electric Vehicle (EV) battery passport for its new EX90 SUV.
  • The passport includes information about the composition of batteries, origin of materials, carbon footprint, and recycled content.
  • It was developed in partnership with UK startup Circulor.
    • Circulor’s system tracks battery materials from mining to the finished car and monitors energy sources used in production.
  • It used the blockchain technology to track supply chain details
• Statement 2 is Correct: It aligns with upcoming EU regulations making battery passports mandatory for all EVs from February 2027.

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Incorrect: Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.
  • DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix.
  • Each strand is composed of nucleotides bonded together covalently between the phosphate group of one and the deoxyribose sugar of the next.
  • Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA.
  • The two strands are connected by chemical bonds between the bases: adenine bonds with thymine, and cytosine bonds with guanine.
  • The sequence of the bases along DNA’s backbone encodes biological information, such as the instructions for making a protein or RNA molecule.
• Statement 2 is Correct: During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds, and each strand acts as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand, a process fundamental to genetic continuity.

Answer: C

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis commonly affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.
  • TB spreads from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air.
  • In humans, TB most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), but it can also affect other organs (extra-pulmonary TB).
  • Cure: TB is a treatable and curable disease.
• Statement 2 is Correct: According to WHO Global TB Report 2023,
  • Tuberculosis was the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide in 2022, following Covid-19.
  • 87% of new TB cases in 2022 were concentrated in 30 countries, with India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and the Democratic Republic of Congo being among the top eight.
  • India, Indonesia, and the Philippines contributed to over 60% of the global reduction in TB cases.
• Statement 3 is Correct: India initiated Ni-kshya Poshak Yojana which is a centrally sponsored scheme under National Health Mission (NHM), where a financial incentive of Rs 500/- per month is provided for nutritional support to each notified TB patient for duration for which the patient is on anti-TB treatment.