Daily Quiz 03 January 2024
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1 pointsWhich one of the following is characteristic of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)?
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Option C is the correct answer: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterised by scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, leading to irreversible loss of lung function.
● The exact cause of IPF is unknown, so it is termed idiopathic. This scarring thickens and stiffens the lungs, reducing their ability to expand and take in oxygen. Unlike many lung conditions, IPF specifically targets the interstitium, the tissue surrounding the air sacs (alveoli), making it harder for oxygen to move into the bloodstream.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Option C is the correct answer: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterised by scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, leading to irreversible loss of lung function.
● The exact cause of IPF is unknown, so it is termed idiopathic. This scarring thickens and stiffens the lungs, reducing their ability to expand and take in oxygen. Unlike many lung conditions, IPF specifically targets the interstitium, the tissue surrounding the air sacs (alveoli), making it harder for oxygen to move into the bloodstream. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with reference to La Nina:
- It occurs when the region of the Pacific Ocean between Indonesia and South America is warmer than usual.
- India receives normal or above-normal rainfall during the monsoon season during the La Nina.
- It causes droughts in Africa and intensifies hurricanes over the Atlantic Ocean.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is not correct: La Niña, a phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), occurs when the region of the Pacific Ocean between Indonesia and South America is cooler than usual. Its counterpart, El Niño, represents a warming of the same region. These two phases significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.
- Statement 2 is correct: During La Niña years, India receives normal or above-normal rainfall during the monsoon season.
Statement 3 is correct: La Nina causes droughts in Africa and intensifies hurricanes over the Atlantic Ocean. Conversely, the El Niño brings extreme summers and droughts in India while increasing rainfall in the southern United States.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is not correct: La Niña, a phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), occurs when the region of the Pacific Ocean between Indonesia and South America is cooler than usual. Its counterpart, El Niño, represents a warming of the same region. These two phases significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.
- Statement 2 is correct: During La Niña years, India receives normal or above-normal rainfall during the monsoon season.
Statement 3 is correct: La Nina causes droughts in Africa and intensifies hurricanes over the Atlantic Ocean. Conversely, the El Niño brings extreme summers and droughts in India while increasing rainfall in the southern United States.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with reference to Manganese:
- It does not exist in the Earth’s crust in its elemental form.
- Human bodies do not naturally produce manganese.
- Manganese toxicity in humans can result in permanent neurological disorder.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: Manganese is a naturally occurring element and an essential nutrient. Comprising approximately 0.1% of the earth’s crust, it is the twelfth most abundant element and the fifth most abundant metal. Manganese does not exist in nature as an elemental form, but is found mainly as oxides, carbonates, and silicates in over 100 minerals with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) as the most common naturally-occurring form.
- Statement 2 is not correct: Manganese is a trace mineral that is present in tiny amounts in the body. It is found mostly in bones, the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Manganese helps the body form connective tissue, bones, blood clotting factors, and sex hormones.
Statement 3 is correct: Inhaled manganese is often transported directly to the brain before it is metabolized by the liver. The symptoms of manganese toxicity may appear slowly over months and years. Manganese toxicity can result in a permanent neurological disorder known as manganism with symptoms that include tremors, difficulty walking, and facial muscle spasms. These symptoms are often preceded by other lesser symptoms, including irritability, aggressiveness, and hallucinations.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: Manganese is a naturally occurring element and an essential nutrient. Comprising approximately 0.1% of the earth’s crust, it is the twelfth most abundant element and the fifth most abundant metal. Manganese does not exist in nature as an elemental form, but is found mainly as oxides, carbonates, and silicates in over 100 minerals with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) as the most common naturally-occurring form.
- Statement 2 is not correct: Manganese is a trace mineral that is present in tiny amounts in the body. It is found mostly in bones, the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Manganese helps the body form connective tissue, bones, blood clotting factors, and sex hormones.
Statement 3 is correct: Inhaled manganese is often transported directly to the brain before it is metabolized by the liver. The symptoms of manganese toxicity may appear slowly over months and years. Manganese toxicity can result in a permanent neurological disorder known as manganism with symptoms that include tremors, difficulty walking, and facial muscle spasms. These symptoms are often preceded by other lesser symptoms, including irritability, aggressiveness, and hallucinations.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
- Under the Constitution of India, the Parliament has the power to specify the castes, races or tribes that are deemed to be Scheduled Castes.
- Only Hindus and Buddhists can be recognized as members of a Scheduled Caste.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is not correct: Article 341(1) of the Constitution of India gives the President the power to “specify the castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes”. Shortly after the Constitution came into force, the President issued The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 (Scheduled Castes order) which contains a list of Scheduled Caste communities in each state.
- Statement 2 is not correct: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 (Scheduled Castes order) states that “no person who professes a religion different from the Hindu, the Sikh or the Buddhist religion shall be deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste”. The order was initially restricted to Hindus but was expanded to include SC Hindus who converted to Sikhism (in 1956) and Buddhism (in 1990).
Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is not correct: Article 341(1) of the Constitution of India gives the President the power to “specify the castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes”. Shortly after the Constitution came into force, the President issued The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 (Scheduled Castes order) which contains a list of Scheduled Caste communities in each state.
- Statement 2 is not correct: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 (Scheduled Castes order) states that “no person who professes a religion different from the Hindu, the Sikh or the Buddhist religion shall be deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste”. The order was initially restricted to Hindus but was expanded to include SC Hindus who converted to Sikhism (in 1956) and Buddhism (in 1990).
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with respect to the Papier-mache craft:
- The origin of Papier-Mache dates back to the 14th century by the Muslim saint Mir Sayyid Ali.
- It involves making paper pulp from recycled paper.
- Kashmiri papier-mache is protected under the Geographic Indication Act 1999.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: The origin of Papier-Mâché dates back to Imperial China in 200 AD when the Han Dynasty was ruling. It came to the forefront after the paper was invented. Papier-Mâché works were also found in ancient Egypt, Middle East, Kashmir, and Japan. The use of Papier-Mâché started in Europe in 1725 where it was used in architecture. In America and Mexico, Papier-Mâché sculptures are considered traditional handicrafts. It is a traditional handicraft of the Kashmir Valley, introduced in the 14th century by the Muslim saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani from Persia.
- Statement 2 is correct: It involves making paper pulp from recycled paper. It is also known for its rich colours and decorations, which often depict flora and fauna, geometrical patterns etc. Papier-Mâché requires composite materials for making various items. The main ingredient is definitely paper in its pulped or mashed form, sometimes reinforced with textile. For binding, adhesives like glue, starch, or paste of wallpaper are used. Traditionally, the adhesive is made by mixing water and flour or starch to a consistency of heavy cream. Other adhesives like polyvinyl acetate (PVA) based glue can be used.
Statement 3 is correct: Kashmiri papier-mache is protected under the Geographic Indication Act 1999 & also covered under the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. Kashmir’s papier-mâché artisans are reviving the extinct dodo by crafting colourful models decorated with symbolic floral and forest prints. Dodo was a flightless bird that lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It was declared extinct in 1681.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: The origin of Papier-Mâché dates back to Imperial China in 200 AD when the Han Dynasty was ruling. It came to the forefront after the paper was invented. Papier-Mâché works were also found in ancient Egypt, Middle East, Kashmir, and Japan. The use of Papier-Mâché started in Europe in 1725 where it was used in architecture. In America and Mexico, Papier-Mâché sculptures are considered traditional handicrafts. It is a traditional handicraft of the Kashmir Valley, introduced in the 14th century by the Muslim saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani from Persia.
- Statement 2 is correct: It involves making paper pulp from recycled paper. It is also known for its rich colours and decorations, which often depict flora and fauna, geometrical patterns etc. Papier-Mâché requires composite materials for making various items. The main ingredient is definitely paper in its pulped or mashed form, sometimes reinforced with textile. For binding, adhesives like glue, starch, or paste of wallpaper are used. Traditionally, the adhesive is made by mixing water and flour or starch to a consistency of heavy cream. Other adhesives like polyvinyl acetate (PVA) based glue can be used.
Statement 3 is correct: Kashmiri papier-mache is protected under the Geographic Indication Act 1999 & also covered under the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. Kashmir’s papier-mâché artisans are reviving the extinct dodo by crafting colourful models decorated with symbolic floral and forest prints. Dodo was a flightless bird that lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It was declared extinct in 1681.
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