Current Affairs 28th May 2024 for UPSC Prelims Exam

Table of Contents

Using AI To Boost Student Enrollment

Context: A headmaster of Zilla Parishad High School at Vattelma in the Rajanna Sircilla district of Telangana, Mr. K. Suryanarayana, has initiated an innovative AI-powered campaign to boost student enrollment.

Key Features of the Campaign

AI-Driven Approach: The campaign employs AI technology to create a ‘virtual AI anchor’, a computerised avatar designed to engage potential students and parents on social media platforms.
- This AI avatar highlights the benefits of enrolling at the Zilla Parishad High School (ZPHS).
Focus on School Advantages:
- Medium of Instruction: The school offers English medium instruction, which is a significant attraction in the region.
- Quality of Education: The school boasts well-qualified teachers who ensure high educational standards.
- Additional Benefits: Students receive mid-day meals, free textbooks, and two pairs of school uniforms, which alleviate some financial burdens from parents.
- Digital Learning: The school provides digital lessons through the T-Sat channel, enhancing learning through modern technology.

Results and Impact

The ZPHS has recorded a 100% success rate in the SSC exams last year, demonstrating the effectiveness of its educational approach.
The campaign aims not only to increase student numbers but also to raise awareness about the quality education available at state-run schools.

Conclusion

This campaign represents a unique integration of AI technology into educational outreach, directly addressing local community needs while promoting the state-run school’s strengths. It serves as a model for how technology can be used in public education systems to enhance visibility and improve enrollment figures.

AI in Legal Cases

Context: The Manipur High Court used Google and ChatGPT 3.5 to conduct additional research on a case.

About the Case

Zakir Hussain was “disengaged” from his district’s Village Defence Force (VDF) in January 2021, after an alleged criminal escaped from the police station while Hussain was on duty.
He never received a copy of the order dismissing him.
The court needed to understand the structure and role of VDF better.
Justice of the Manipur High Court overturned Hussain’s dismissal, citing a 2022 memorandum that emphasised the necessity of giving VDF personnel an opportunity to explain themselves before any action is taken, which Hussain was denied.

High Courts’ Differing Stances

Punjab & Haryana High Court Usage: Utilised ChatGPT to determine a legal point in a case where Jaswinder Singh was accused of assaulting an individual and causing his death.
- The HC ruled that there was an element of cruelty in the assault, which was a crucial factor in the decision-making process.
In another instance, the court used ChatGPT to pose a question about the jurisprudence on bail when the assailants are accused of cruelty.
- The AI’s response, which included that “the judge may be less inclined to grant bail or may set the bail amount very high to ensure that the defendant does not appear in court and does not pose risks to public safety,” influenced his reasoning.

Global Perspective on AI in Legal Systems

In 2023, a Manhattan federal judge fined a lawyer $5,000 for using ChatGPT to draft legal filings, stressing that AI-generated submissions were inadequate for substantial legal arguments.
In contrast, the Colombian judiciary has set guidelines about the use of generative AI technologies, advising caution in using AI for tasks like summarising large bodies of text, making presentations, or composing emails. They emphasised that AI should not replace human judgement or legal reasoning.

Usage Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Legal System

Document Review and Management: AI can quickly analyse vast quantities of legal documents to identify relevant information, making document review processes more efficient.
Legal Research: AI tools can assist lawyers by quickly retrieving statutes, case laws, and legal precedents relevant to specific cases.
Predictive Analytics: Using historical data, AI can predict outcomes of legal cases, helping lawyers to make more informed decisions about how to proceed with cases.
Contract Analysis and Automation: AI systems can analyse and draft contracts by recognizing standard clauses and suggesting modifications based on legal standards and previous contracts.
Litigation Support: AI can assist in creating more effective litigation strategies by analysing data from similar previous cases, including judge rulings, litigation duration, and settlement amounts.
Client Interaction: AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants can handle routine inquiries from clients, providing them with basic legal advice, case status updates, or clarifying legal procedures and terms.
Fraud Detection: In regulatory law or financial compliance, AI can identify patterns that may indicate fraudulent activities or breaches of regulations.
Ethical and Bias Monitoring: AI can help monitor decisions for potential biases by analysing the outcomes of numerous cases to detect any irregular patterns that might suggest racial, gender, or other forms of bias.
Automation of Routine Tasks: Many routine legal tasks such as filling out standard forms, scheduling, and billing can be automated using AI, leading to operational efficiencies.
Judicial Decisions: In some jurisdictions, AI has been experimentally used to help make judicial decisions or support judges in understanding complex scenarios through data-driven insights.

Considerations

Accuracy and Reliability: AI systems must be rigorously tested to ensure they are accurate and reliable, with clear documentation of processes and decisions for transparency and auditing.
Bias and Fairness: Efforts should be made to eliminate data biases and ensure algorithms are transparent and do not inadvertently discriminate.
Transparency and Explainability: AI used in legal settings should be understandable and transparent, allowing stakeholders to see how decisions are made.
Legal and Regulatory Compliance: AI tools must comply with existing legal frameworks and data protection regulations, staying adaptable to potential future regulations.
Privacy and Security: It’s critical to secure AI systems against unauthorised access and ensure all data is handled in compliance with privacy laws.
Ethical Use and Professional Responsibility: Clear ethical guidelines should govern AI’s use to maintain professional integrity, with legal professionals remaining ultimately responsible for AI-assisted decisions.

Examples, Case Studies and Data

Marine Product Exports (GS-3): Exports of marine products contracted by 8.74% to $7.37 billion during 2023-24 due to demand slowdown in key markets of the US and Europe.
Intellectual Property Rights (GS 3): Member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have approved a landmark treaty to integrate traditional knowledge and genetic resources into the global intellectual property system.