Constitution Day of India, Samvidhan Diwas and National Law Day

Constitution Day of India, or Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated every year on November 26th to honor the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949. This important day recognizes the principles of democracy, justice, liberty, and equality that guide India’s governance and highlights Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s role as the Constitution’s main architect.

On Constitution Day, citizens reflect on their rights and duties through various educational and celebratory events, emphasizing the Constitution’s importance in India’s democracy. It reminds everyone of their responsibility to uphold these values and contribute to a just society. Join us in exploring the significance, history, and celebrations of Constitution Day 2024 as we honor our nation’s foundation.

We’re now on WhatsApp. Click to Join

What is Constitution Day?

Constitution Day, also recognized as National Law Day, is observed annually on the 26th of November. This day holds historical significance as it marks the formal adoption of the Constitution of India by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949. The Constitution, which came into effect on the 26th of January 1950, signifies India’s transition to a republic.

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, on the 19th of November 2015, officially declared the government’s decision to celebrate the 26th of November as ‘Constitution Day.’ This occasion serves as a reminder of the foundational principles enshrined in the Constitution and fosters awareness and appreciation for the legal framework that governs the nation.

B.R Ambedkar Architect of Indian Constitution

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the main creator of the Constitution, was essential in designing its rules to guarantee social justice and equality for everyone, especially for marginalized communities. His work to include fundamental rights and promote equality helped build a fair society. His legacy still inspires movements for social justice and human rights in India today.

History of Constitution Day  

Constituent Assembly

• Bengal Narasimha Rao: Key figure in drafting the Constitution and served as Constitutional Advisor.
• Established: The Assembly was set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946.
• Members: 389 total, with 292 from provinces, 93 from states, 3 from Chief Commissioner Provinces, and 1 from Baluchistan.
• First Meeting: Held on December 9, 1946, chaired by Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha, the senior-most member.
• Permanent Speaker: Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected on December 11, 1946.
• Muslim League Boycott: They boycotted the first meeting, leading Winston Churchill to liken it to a wedding without the bride.
• Committees: The Assembly formed 13 committees for drafting the Constitution, including 8 major ones:

1. Drafting Committee: B. R. Ambedkar
2. Union Power Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
3. Union Constitution Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
4. Provincial Constitution Committee: Vallabhbhai Patel
5. Advisory Committee on Rights: Vallabhbhai Patel
6. Rules of Procedure Committee: Rajendra Prasad
7. States Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
8. Steering Committee: Rajendra Prasad

• Reassembled: On August 14, 1947, as a sovereign body, taking over from the British Parliament.

Celebration of Constitution Day

Constitution Day is celebrated with enthusiasm across India through various events:

• Preamble Readings: Schools read the Preamble to teach its values.
• Debates and Discussions: Events discuss the Constitution’s importance today.
• Seminars and Workshops: Organizations educate people about their rights and duties.
• Cultural Programs: Events showcase India’s diversity and unity.

The day reminds citizens to reflect on the Constitution’s principles and the need to uphold them.

Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world, featuring a preamble, 470 articles, 25 parts, and 12 schedules. It was carefully handwritten in both English and Hindi instead of being printed. This artistic work was done by skilled craftsmen from Shantiniketan, led by Acharya Nandalal Bose, with calligraphy by Prem Behari Narain Raizada in Delhi, giving the document a unique look. The original copies of the Constitution of India are safeguarded in specialized helium-filled cases within the Library of the Parliament of India.

The 42nd Amendment in 1976 introduced the Fundamental Duties of citizens based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, which was formed by the Government.

Features:

1. Longest written constitution
2. Federalism
3. Parliamentary Form of Government
4. Separation of Powers
5. Fundamental Rights
6. Secularism
7. Single Citizenship
8. Sovereignty

Amendments Made:

1. 1st CAA: Added laws to the Ninth Schedule, providing immunity from legal challenges.
2. 42nd CAA: Introduced Article 51-A (which includes 10 Fundamental Duties), appended Socialist, Secular, and Integrity to the Preamble, and incorporated new Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 39, 39A, 43A, 48A).

Significance of Constitution Day

Constitution Day holds immense significance as it commemorates the adoption of India’s Constitution:

• Foundational Document: Marks the adoption of the Constitution on November 26, 1949.
• Democratic Values: Reinforces democratic principles and the rule of law.
• Awareness and Education: Promotes understanding of constitutional rights and duties.
• Patriotism: Fosters a sense of national pride and unity.
• Constitutional Commitment: Reaffirms the commitment to constitutional ideals and values.
• Educational Initiatives: Encourages schools and institutions to conduct programs on the Constitution.
• Historical Reflection: Offers an opportunity to reflect on the visionary contributions of the Constituent Assembly.
• Citizen Empowerment: Aims to empower citizens with knowledge about their fundamental rights and responsibilities.

Constitution Day of India UPSC

Constitution Day, or ‘Samvidhan Divas,’ is observed annually on November 26th in India to mark the adoption of the Constitution. Recognized by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment on November 19, 2015, the government designated this day to enhance awareness and promote constitutional values among citizens. Celebrated on the anniversary of the Constitution’s formal adoption by the Constituent Assembly, Constitution Day encourages reflection on the foundational principles that guide India’s governance. This commemoration underscores the significance of democratic ideals and the role of citizens in upholding the values enshrined in the Constitution.

Sharing is caring!