C. Subramania Bharati

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C. Subramania Bharati (1882–1921), popularly known as Mahakavi Bharathiyar, was a poet, freedom fighter, and social reformer from Tamil Nadu. His literary genius and fervent patriotism made him one of India’s greatest poets and a significant figure in the Indian Independence Movement.

Early Life and Education

Born in Ettayapuram, Tamil Nadu, in 1882, Bharati displayed extraordinary poetic talent from an early age.
He earned the title “Mahakavi” (Great Poet) for his unmatched literary prowess.

Contribution to Indian Independence

Bharati’s songs and writings played a pivotal role in inspiring the masses in Tamil Nadu to join the freedom struggle. His works were a blend of nationalism, spirituality, and social reform, leaving an indelible mark on the movement.

Key Milestones in His Career:

Swadesamitran: Bharati began his journalistic career in 1904 as the Assistant Editor of this Tamil daily, where he voiced nationalist ideas.
Founding Editor: In 1907, he started editing the Tamil weekly India and the English newspaper Bala Bharatham, along with M.P.T. Acharya.
Collaboration with Aurobindo: During his time in Pondicherry, Bharati assisted Sri Aurobindo in editing the Arya journal and contributed to the Karma Yogi.

Exile and Later Years

In 1908, Bharati was forced into exile by the British authorities and moved to Pondicherry, a French colony. He spent a decade there, continuing his writings and activism. Despite challenges, his time in exile was prolific, producing some of his finest works.

Returned to Madras (Chennai) in later years.
Passed away in 1921 in Madras, leaving a legacy of timeless literature and patriotic fervor.

Literary Contributions

Bharati’s works are celebrated for their linguistic beauty, depth, and revolutionary ideas.

Best-Known Works

Kaṇṇan Pattu (1917; Songs to Krishna): A poetic ode to Lord Krishna, blending devotion and human emotions.
Panchali Sapatham (1912; Panchali’s Vow): A retelling of the Draupadi episode from the Mahabharata, symbolizing the struggle against oppression.
Kuyil Pattu (1912; Kuyil’s Song): A lyrical masterpiece reflecting his admiration for nature.

Translations

Bharati also translated significant spiritual and philosophical texts into Tamil:

Vedic Hymns
Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras
Bhagavad Gita

Social Reforms

Bharati was ahead of his time, advocating for:

Women’s Empowerment: Called for education and equal rights for women.
Abolition of Caste System: Championed social equality and unity.
Universal Brotherhood: Promoted harmony across religions and cultures.

Legacy

Bharati’s works continue to inspire millions. His vision of a free and egalitarian India resonates deeply, making him an enduring symbol of patriotism and reform.