Brown Dwarfs

Table of Contents

About Brown Dwarf

Brown dwarfs are objects that are too big to be planets but too small to be stars.
They are born like stars – out of a cloud of gas and dust that collapses – but do not have enough mass to sustain the fusion of hydrogen like a normal star.
Brown dwarfs have relatively low temperatures compared to stars. They emit very little light and are often difficult to detect (They emit infrared radiation).
Dwarf stars have longer lives than giant stars.

Stellar Nebula: The initial stage where gas and dust accumulate to form a dense region.
Protostar: As gravity pulls material together, the core becomes increasingly hot and dense, leading to the formation of a protostar.
Main Sequence: The longest phase in a star’s life where it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core. This stage can last billions of years, depending on the star’s mass.
Red Giant: Once hydrogen is depleted in the core, the star expands into a red giant. In this phase, it begins fusing helium and other heavier elements.
End Stages:
- Low to Medium Mass Stars:
  - Planetary Nebula: The outer layers are expelled, leaving behind the core.
  - White Dwarf: The remaining core cools down over time.
- Massive Stars:
  - Supernova: An explosion occurs when the star can no longer sustain nuclear fusion.
  - Neutron Star or Black Hole: Depending on the remaining mass after the supernova.