Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2023

In 2022, software developers in India contributed to over 24% of AI related projects in GitHub, the most in the world, according to Stanford's latest Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2023.

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Context: In 2022, software developers in India contributed to over 24% of AI related projects in GitHub, the most in the world, according to Stanford’s latest Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2023.

Key AI indicators from the AI Index 2023

Publication count: Between 2010 and 2021, AI publications increased significantly, rising from 2 lakh in 2010 to nearly 5 lakhs by 2021.
Types of publications: In 2021, journal articles constituted 60% of all AI publications, followed by conference papers and repository submissions. The remaining was a mix of books, book chapters, theses, and unidentified document types.
Collaboration: International partnerships among scholars, industry specialists, and others play a vital role in advancing STEM fields.
- They foster quick sharing of new concepts and team expansion.
- Over the last 12 years, the predominant collaborations have been between the United States and China, witnessing an approximate fourfold increase since 2010.
Top ten institutions: Since 2010, the institution with the highest overall AI paper output has been the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
- In fact, all the top nine, out of ten institutions, in terms of the number of AI publications released were from China with Massachusetts institute of Technology featuring last.
GitHub AI Projects: Since 2011, there has been a consistent rise in the number of AI-related projects on GitHub, escalating from 1,536 projects in 2011 to 3,47,934 by 2022.
- In 2022, a significant portion of AI projects on GitHub, amounting to 24.2%, came from software developers in India, the European Union and United Kingdom contributed 17.3%, while the United States was responsible for 14% AI Projects.

Top Ten Takeaways from the Report

Industry races ahead of academia	Until 2014, most significant machine learning models were released by academia. Since then, industry has taken over. In 2022, there were 32 significant industry-produced machine learning models compared to just three produced by academia. Building state-of-the-art AI systems increasingly requires large amounts of data, computer power, and money—resources that industry actors inherently possess in greater amounts compared to nonprofits and academia.
Performance saturation on traditional benchmarks	AI continued to post state-of-the-art results, but year-over-year improvement on many benchmarks continues to be marginal. Moreover, the speed at which benchmark saturation is being reached is increasing. However, new, more comprehensive benchmarking suites such as BIG-bench and HELM are being released.
AI is both helping and harming the environment	New research suggests that AI systems can have serious environmental impacts. According to Luccioni et al., 2022, BLOOM’s training run emitted 25 times more carbon than a single air traveler on a one-way trip from New York to San Francisco. Still, new reinforcement learning models like BCOOLER show that AI systems can be used to optimize energy usage.
The world’s best new scientist is AI?	AI models are starting to rapidly accelerate scientific progress and in 2022 were used to aid hydrogen fusion, improve the efficiency of matrix manipulation, and generate new antibodies.
The number of incidents concerning the misuse of AI is rapidly rising	According to the AIAAIC database, which tracks incidents related to the ethical misuse of AI, the number of AI incidents and controversies has increased 26 times since 2012. Some notable incidents in 2022 included a deepfake video of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy surrendering and U.S. prisons using call-monitoring technology on their inmates. This growth is evidence of both greater use of AI technologies and awareness of misuse possibilities.
The demand for AI-related professional skills is increasing across virtually every American industrial sector	Across every sector in the United States for which there is data (with the exception of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting), the number of AI-related job postings has increased on average from 1.7% in 2021 to 1.9% in 2022. Employers in the United States are increasingly looking for workers with AI-related skills.
For the first time in the last decade, year-over-year private investment in AI decreased	Global AI private investment was $91.9 billion in 2022, which represented a 26.7% decrease since 2021. The total number of AI-related funding events as well as the number of newly funded AI companies likewise decreased. Still, during the last decade as a whole, AI investment has significantly increased. In 2022 the amount of private investment in AI was 18 times greater than it was in 2013.
While the proportion of companies adopting AI has plateaued, the companies that have adopted AI continue to pull ahead	The proportion of companies adopting AI in 2022 has more than doubled since 2017, though it has plateaued in recent years between 50% and 60%, according to the results of McKinsey’s annual research survey. Organizations that have adopted AI report realizing meaningful cost decreases and revenue increases.
Policymaker interest in AI is on the rise	An AI Index analysis of the legislative records of 127 countries shows that the number of bills containing “artificial intelligence”. that were passed into law grew from just 1 in 2016 to 37 in 2022. An analysis of the parliamentary records on AI in 81 countries likewise shows that mentions of AI in global legislative proceedings have increased nearly 6.5 times since 2016.
Chinese citizens are among those who feel the most positively about AI products and services. Americans, not so much	In a 2022 IPSOS survey, 78% of Chinese respondents (the highest proportion of surveyed countries) agreed with the statement that products and services using AI have more benefits than drawbacks. After Chinese respondents, those from Saudi Arabia (76%) and India (71%) felt the most positive about AI products. Only 35% of sampled Americans (among the lowest of surveyed countries) agreed that products and services using AI had more benefits than drawbacks.