Akali Movement The 1920s Akali movement, which started out as a purely religious effort to reform Gurdwaras, or Sikh sacred temples, gradually acquired a political bent and was a crucial element in India’s campaign for independence. The Akali movement, often referred to as the Gurdwara Reform Movement or Gurdwara agitations, portrays the Sikhs’ protracted struggle …

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Singh Sabha Movement In response to Muslim, Christian, and Hindu reform movements (Brahmo Samajis, Arya Samaj), the Singh Sabha Movement was founded in Punjab in the 1870s (Aligarh movement and Ahmadiyah). The movement was started at a period when the Sikh Empire had been dismantled and conquered by the British, the Khalsa had lost its …

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Reform Movements by Parsis Read all about Reform Movements by Parsis. Zoroastrians were persecuted in their native Iran, therefore in the tenth century, a considerable number of them fled to India’s west coast. They prospered over the years as a commercial community. Even though it was a small village, the nineteenth-century reform movements had an …

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